Contemporary Status and Frontiers of Cervical Cancer Screening in the United States.

Cervical cancer screening and its implementation have evolved tremendously since the first method, cytology using Papanicolaou stain, was introduced in the 1950s. New screening methods, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, have been discovered and evidence-based changes have been made to official screening guidelines set forth by various U.S.

Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD) as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in ovarian cancer.

Objective: Genomic instability has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. We tested a method for measuring DNA damage, a direct measure of genomic instability, in ovarian tumors and its ability to predict immunotherapy response to Vigil (gemogenovatucel-T).

Methods: Eighty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors from the VITAL trial (NCT02346747) underwent DNA damage assessment using Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD).

Preclinical and clinical evaluation through serial colonoscopic evaluation of neratinib-induced diarrhea in HER2-positive breast cancer-A pilot study.

The irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib is approved for patients with HER2-positive, early-stage and metastatic breast cancer (BC). Neratinib-associated diarrhea is the most common reason for early discontinuation. Preclinical studies identified mechanisms of neratinib-induced diarrhea and rationale for prophylactic and preventive measures.

p53 protein expression patterns associated with TP53 mutations in breast carcinoma.

Purpose: The importance of a TP53 mutation has been demonstrated in several tumor types, including breast cancer (BC). However, the accuracy of p53 protein expression as a predictor of gene mutation has not been well studied in BC. Therefore, we evaluated p53 protein expression associated with TP53 mutations in breast cancers from 64 patients.

Solitary fibrous tumours involving the genitourinary tract: a case series in rare locations, highlighting the role of STAT6 immunohistochemistry.

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm with variable behaviour, very rarely involving the genitourinary (GU) tract. Most reported cases correspond to isolated case reports. STAT6 immunohistochemistry is a more recent and reliable diagnostic marker.

Spatial mapping of the DNA adducts in cancer.

DNA adducts and strand breaks are induced by various exogenous and endogenous agents. Accumulation of DNA damage is implicated in many disease processes, including cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration. The continuous acquisition of DNA damage from exogenous and endogenous stressors coupled with defects in DNA repair pathways contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage within the genome and genomic instability.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the uterus: Challenges of pregnancy in determining prognosis and optimal treatment.

Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that exhibits immunohistochemical evidence of smooth muscle and melanocytic differentiation. We report a case of uterine PEComa in a 21 year-old primigravida, presenting at time of c-section as a small subserosal lesion that expressed soft tan-brown tissue fragments. Microscopically the cells were epithelioid, staining positive for TFE3 and HMB45.

A Rare Case of Synchronous Oncocytoma and Angiomyolipoma of the Kidney.

BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of renal oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma is exceedingly rare. To date, 17 such cases have been reported in the literature. This report describes a unique case of that association that presented as a single renal mass on imaging.

The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Exosomes have pivotal roles in cancer development. The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (NCCR) on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma are yet to be explored.

Materials And Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 33 patients had rectal adenocarcinoma treated with NCCR and had pre-NCCR biopsy and post-NCCR resected rectum.

Cytoprotective Effect of Vitamin D on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a first-line treatment for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its use may be limited by its cardiotoxicity mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species. We evaluated whether vitamin D may prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in a mouse TNBC model.

Methods: Female Balb/c mice received rodent chow with vitamin D (1500 IU/kg; vehicle) or chow supplemented with additional vitamin D (total, 11,500 IU/kg).

Associations between DNA Damage and PD-L1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer, a Potential Biomarker for Clinical Response.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently under investigation as a potential treatment option for ovarian cancer. Although this therapy has shown promise, its efficacy is highly variable among patients. Evidence suggests that genomic instability influences the expression of PD-L1, but little is known about this relationship in ovarian cancer.

Resistin and interleukin-6 exhibit racially-disparate expression in breast cancer patients, display molecular association and promote growth and aggressiveness of tumor cells through STAT3 activation.

African-American (AA) women with breast cancer (BC) are diagnosed with more aggressive disease, have higher risk of recurrence and poorer prognosis as compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. Therefore, it is imperative to define the factors associated with such disparities to reduce the unequal burden of cancer. Emerging data suggest that inherent differences exist in the tumor microenvironment of AA and CA BC patients, however, its molecular bases and functional impact have remained poorly understood.