Novel Giant Phages vB_AerVM_332-Vera and vB_AerVM_332-Igor and Siphophage vB_AerVS_332-Yulya Infecting the Same Strain.

Three novel phages vB_AerVS_332-Yuliya, vB_AerVM_332-Vera, and vB_AerVM_332-Igor and their host CEMTC7594 were found in the same water + sediments sample collected in a freshwater pond. Complete genome sequencing indicated that vB_AerVS_332-Yuliya (43,584 bp) is a siphophage, whereas vB_AerVM_332-Vera (294,685 bp) and vB_AerVM_332-Igor (237,907 bp) are giant phages. The host strain can grow at temperatures from 5 °C to 37 °C with an optimum of 25-37 °C; siphophage vB_AerVS_332-Yuliya effectively reproduced at temperature ≤ 25 °C, the optimal temperature for giant phage vB_AerVM_332-Igor was 25 °C, and giant phage vB_AerVM_332-Vera infected host cells at 5-10 °C.

Zeta CrAss-like Phages, a Separate Phage Family Using a Variety of Adaptive Mechanisms to Persist in Their Hosts.

Bacteriophages of the order Crassvirales are highly abundant and near-universal members of the human gut microbiome worldwide. Zeta crAss-like phages comprise a separate group in the order and their genomes exhibit greater variability than genomes of crAss-like phages from other families within the order. Zeta crAss-like phages employ multiple adaptation mechanisms, ensuring their survival despite host defenses and environmental pressure.

Phage vB_KlebPS_265 Active Against Resistant/MDR and Hypermucoid K2 Strains of .

is an important opportunistic pathogen often resistant to antibiotics. Specific phages can be useful in eliminating infection caused by . phage vB_KlebPS_265 (KlebP_265) and its host strain were isolated from the sputum of a patient with infection.

Tentaclins-A Novel Family of Phage Receptor-Binding Proteins That Can Be Hypermutated by DGR Systems.

Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are prokaryotic systems providing rapid modification and adaptation of target proteins. In phages, the main targets of DGRs are receptor-binding proteins that are usually parts of tail structures and the variability of such host-recognizing structures enables phage adaptation to changes on the bacterial host surface. Sometimes, more than one target gene containing a hypermutated variable repeat (VR) can be found in phage DGRs.

Intestinal Microbiome Changes and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Background And Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects many people. One of the possible ways to treat UC is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In this study, changes in the intestinal microbiome and clinical outcomes of 20 patients with UC after FMT were estimated.