The Owls Are Not What They Seem: Health, Mood, and Sleep Problems Reported by Morning and Evening Types with Atypical Timing of Weekend Sleep.

Morningness-eveningness is usually assessed as either a trait or a state using either a morning-evening preference scale or sleep timing reported for free days, respectively. These assessments were implemented in numerous studies exploring the associations between morningness-eveningness and health, mood, and sleep problems. Evening types almost always had more problems than morning types.

Estimation of sleep shortening and sleep phase advancing in response to advancing risetimes on weekdays.

Since the circadian clocks cannot directly respond to the signals of social clocks, earlier risetimes on weekdays lead to loss of certain amount of sleep. However, these clocks can partly reduce this loss by advancing sleep phase due to advancing the pattern of 24-h exposure to light caused by earlier risetimes. In an study, a model of sleep-wake regulation was applied to show that the difference between earlier and later weekday risers in weekday risetime is equal to the sum of differences between them in sleep loss and sleep phase advance that can be measured as their differences in weekend-weekday gap in risetime and in weekend risetimes, respectively.

Mechanochemical Approach for Metal-Free Regioselective C5-Sulfenylation of Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles.

The development of sustainable and selective methodologies for heterocyclic functionalization remains a key challenge in organic synthesis. In this study, a novel, metal-free bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene-mediated strategy for the regioselective C5-sulfenylation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles using aryl methyl sulfides under mechanochemical conditions is reported. This solvent-free approach offers a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to current methods, achieving yields of up to 86% while completely avoiding hazardous solvents.

[Impairments in sustained attention and the efficiency of psychomotor activity during episodes of spontaneous awakening from daytime sleep].

Objective: To study attention span (vigilance) disorders and identify their objective characteristics in a sleep inertia state after spontaneous awakening from daytime sleep.

Material And Methods: In 15 healthy subjects (students), a bimanual psychomotor test was used to analyze attention span disorders after waking up from the stage 2 of daytime sleep. The number of button presses with the right and left hands was used to assess the disorders: compliant and non-compliant (a smaller number) with the instruction.

How to quantify sleepiness during an attempt to sleep?

. Sleepiness assessment tools were mostly developed for detection of an elevated sleepiness level in the condition of sleep deprivation and several medical conditions. However, sleepiness occurs in various other conditions including the transition from wakefulness to sleep during an everyday attempt to get sleep.