Sex-specific hypothalamic neural projection activity drives caregiving in mice.

Infant care is critical for survival and healthy development. In laboratory mice, unmated males and females display infant-directed behavior ranging from neglect and aggression to alloparental care. Previous research suggests that excitatory neurons in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus (PeFA) mediate pup-directed aggression.

Management of Allergic Rhinitis in the United Arab Emirates: Expert Consensus Recommendations on Allergen Immunotherapy.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the upper airways caused by a type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by environmental allergens. AR is associated with significant morbidity and affects patients' quality of life, emotional well-being, productivity, and cognitive functioning. As AR prevalence and morbidity have increased significantly worldwide, similar observations have been noted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with AR becoming a potential public health issue.

Cyclic Glycine-Proline Improves Memory and Reduces Amyloid Plaque Load in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that is pathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Animal models of AD have been useful in understanding the disease process and in investigating the effects of compounds on pathology and behavior. APP/PS1 mice develop amyloid plaques and show memory impairment.

Differences in temporal processing speeds between the right and left auditory cortex reflect the strength of recurrent synaptic connectivity.

Brain asymmetry in the sensitivity to spectrotemporal modulation is an established functional feature that underlies the perception of speech and music. The left auditory cortex (ACx) is believed to specialize in processing fast temporal components of speech sounds, and the right ACx slower components. However, the circuit features and neural computations behind these lateralized spectrotemporal processes are poorly understood.

Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation.

An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The material properties used in the monkey model are those in the GHBMC 50th percentile male head model (Global Human Body Model Consortium). The angular loading simulations consisted of coronal, oblique and sagittal plane rotations with the center of rotation in neck to duplicate experimental conditions.

Effects of a Tripeptide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase Activation in a Cell Line Derived from the Foetal Hippocampus of a Trisomy 16 Mouse: an Animal Model of Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder that results from the trisomy of chromosome 21. DS patients show several abnormalities including cognitive deficits. Here, we show enhanced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a kinase that critically regulates synaptic plasticity and memory, in a hippocampal cell line derived from trisomy 16 mouse foetus.

Incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients in Ludhiana, India.

Objective: To estimate the incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients and to evaluate the completeness of case ascertainment in Ludhiana.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Ludhiana, Punjab, Northwest India. All first-ever stroke patients (≥18 years) were included between March 2010 and March 2013 using WHO Stepwise Approach Surveillance methodology from the city.

Oxcarbazepine and fluoxetine protect against mouse models of obsessive compulsive disorder through modulation of cortical serotonin and CREB pathway.

The serotonergic system is suggested to be dysregulated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have emerged as the mainstay in the treatment of this disorder. Oxcarbazepine (OXC), a second generation antiepileptic drug, enhances hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) levels. The aim of the present study was to screen the anti-OCD effects of OXC on marble burying behaviour (MBB) and 8-OHDPAT-induced disruption of alternation, two most studied paradigms of OCD, in rodents.