[Evolution of physical fitness and functional capacity in active elderly women over 50 years of age according to chronological age in Santos city].

The scope of this study was to compare the evolution of physical fitness, functional capacity and bone mineral density in active elderly women over a one-year period. The sample consisted of 78 women from 50 to 79 years of age (c:62.4 ± 7.

Call Accuracy and Distance from the Play: A Study with Brazilian Soccer Referees.

Refereeing decisions in soccer has always been a controversial issue. In order to better understand this subject, foul calls made by Brazilian soccer referees were evaluated to determine the potential relationship between the distance from the referee to a foul play and the accuracy of the call. Soccer matches supervised by the São Paulo State Football Federation were recorded and 321 foul calls were analyzed.

Aerobic exercise capacity and pulmonary function in athletes with and without type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To compare the aerobic exercise capacity and pulmonary function between athletes with and without type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Fifty-one adult age-matched individuals were assessed in random order to the maximum volume of O(2) consumption (Vo(2 peak max)) (ml/kg/min), anaerobic threshold (ml/kg/min), peak pulmonary ventilation (Ve), heart rate (beats per min), time to exhaustion (min), forced vital capacity (FEV) (%), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (%), total lung capacity (TLC) (%), and lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) (%). Individuals were 27 with type 1 diabetes: 15 athletes (ADM) and 12 nonathletes (NADM); and 24 healthy individuals: 12 ADM and 12 NADM.

Maximal and submaximal physiological responses to adaptation to deep water running.

The aim of the study was to compare physiological responses between runners adapted and not adapted to deep water running at maximal intensity and the intensity equivalent to the ventilatory threshold. Seventeen runners, either adapted (n = 10) or not adapted (n = 7) to deep water running, participated in the study. Participants in both groups undertook a maximal treadmill running and deep water running graded exercise test in which cardiorespiratory variables were measured.

Comparison of maximal heart rate using the prediction equations proposed by Karvonen and Tanaka.

Background: Equations for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) are widely used in exercise testing and for training prescription, but their efficacy remains controversial in the literature.

Objective: To compare maximal heart rate during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using the prediction equations developed by Karvonen and Tanaka.

Methods: Of the 24,120 maximal treadmill graded exercise tests stored in the CEMAFE database from 1994 to 2006, 2047 HRmax values were analyzed, 1091 of which were from male and 956 from female sedentary subjects.

Growth hormone replacement improves thyroxine biological effects: implications for management of central hypothyroidism.

Context: The biological significance of GH-induced changes in serum TH concentrations is unknown. It has been suggested that serum free T(4) (FT(4)) should be targeted at the high-normal range during GH replacement.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of GH replacement on T(4) biological effects.

[Divergent responses of serum testosterone and cortisol in athlete men after a marathon race].

Physical exercise alters homeostasis, as it requires prompt mobilization of metabolic sources. In this study, we measured serum testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels and the muscle-wastage enzymes CK, CKMB and LDH in 20 healthy male athletes (ages 25 to 40 years) in response to a marathon race (42.2 km).

Effects of supervised cardiovascular training program on exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine if supervised cardiovascular training improves exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, depression, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Sixty women with SLE (ages 18-55 years) were evaluated using Short Form 36, visual analog scale for pain, scale for fatigue, Beck Depression Inventory, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and participated in a training protocol of incremental load on a treadmill with computed gas metabolic analysis. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) and anaerobic threshold VO(2) were calculated with a SensorMedics Vmax29C analyzer (Sensor Medics, Yorba Linda, CA), and heart rate was measured by electrocardiogram.

Aerobic exercise capacity in normal adolescents and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To compare the aerobic exercise capacity between normal adolescents and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: An experimental group with 72 individuals diagnosed with T1DM aged 9--20, time from diagnosis 4.9 +/- 3.

Peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in fibromyalgia.

Objective: To compare maximum oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy sedentary controls matched by sex, age, weight, and body mass index.

Methods: Fifty women with FM aged 18-60 years and 50 healthy sedentary controls were studied. All were submitted to a maximum treadmill incremental test.