Comparing the in Vitro Efficacy of Commonly Used Surgical Irrigants for the Treatment of Implant-Associated Infections.

Background: Implant-associated infections (IAIs) require aggressive debridement to eliminate microbial bioburden. The use of irrigants may improve microbial killing during debridement. This study compared the efficacy of surgical irrigants in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus alone and in combination with Candida albicans, in both planktonic and biofilm states.

Novel Mechanism for Preserving Stump Length During Revision of Endoprosthetic Limb Salvage: A Case Report.

Case: An 18-year-old woman with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur underwent resection and limb-salvage surgery with compressive osseointegration endoprosthetic reconstruction and experienced tumor recurrence 1 year after index surgery. A transfemoral amputation was performed preserving the existing compressive osseointegration device, and limb lengthening was achieved using intercalary and distal femoral segments. 3.

Identifying Predictors of Successful Conversion from OREF Grants to Extramural Federal Funding Among Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Background: Musculoskeletal diseases are a major contributor to global human disability, but research in this area of medicine contends with chronic underfunding in the United States, receiving <2% of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget. The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) serves as a vital nongovernmental organization, providing essential support for orthopaedic research. This study investigated the translation of various OREF grants into successful extramural federal funding discerning the clinician demographics and OREF award characteristics associated with increased chances of securing federal grants.

Bioavailable Microbial Metabolites of Flavanols Demonstrate Highly Individualized Bioactivity on In Vitro β-Cell Functions Critical for Metabolic Health.

Dietary flavanols are known for disease preventative properties but are often poorly absorbed. Gut microbiome flavanol metabolites are more bioavailable and may exert protective activities. Using metabolite mixtures extracted from the urine of rats supplemented with flavanols and treated with or without antibiotics, we investigated their effects on INS-1 832/13 β-cell glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) capacity.

The Accumulation and Molecular Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Metabolic Tissues: It's Not All Bad.

Since elevated serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were first associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), TMAO research among chronic diseases has grown exponentially. We now know that serum TMAO accumulation begins with dietary choline metabolism across the microbiome-liver-kidney axis, which is typically dysregulated during pathogenesis. While CVD research links TMAO to atherosclerotic mechanisms in vascular tissue, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear.

Current management of retinopathy of prematurity in sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: To survey current oxygen management, screening criteria, and methods for treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists and neonatologists practicing in sub-Saharan Africa.

Results: Ophthalmologists and neonatologists from 15 of 49 countries (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa responded.

Initial perspectives of New Zealand doctors: developing capacity and a training programme in the Cook Islands.

From 2012 to 2014, 18 New Zealand general and rural medical practitioners worked in the Cook Islands on a visiting programme to achieve the following objectives: (1) assess and assist with the capacity of the Cook Islands medical workforce; (2) assist with the infrastructure to improve clinical records and audit; (3) assist with developing a General Practice training programme for the Cook Islands; and (4) develop a training post for the Division of Rural Hospital Medicine in the Cook Islands. Each visiting doctor spent a minimum of 4 weeks in the Cook Islands. This study presents the results of a questionnaire undertaken to evaluate their experiences.

Transfers from rural hospitals in New Zealand.

Aim: To canvass the experience of a group of New Zealand rural hospital doctors of transfers from their hospitals.

Method: Ten rural hospital doctors were required to write an assignment on patient transfer as part of their assessment for a postgraduate diploma. The information from the completed assignments was grouped into themes for analysis.

Depression in patients in an Auckland general practice.

Aim: To measure the rate of detected and undetected depression in patients attending an Auckland general practice.

Method: At their consultation conclusion, general practitioners (GPs) asked all consecutive patients over sixteen years attending for consultation to participate in a health and mood questionnaire. A researcher administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to consenting participants.