Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective treatment for the prevention of stroke in patients with carotid artery stenosis. We aimed to clarify the incidence and risk factors for early cognitive dysfunction (eCD) and early cognitive improvement (eCI), defined as change in cognitive performance ≤24 hours after surgery, using a battery of neuropsychometric tests.
Methods: In total, 585 patients undergoing CEA were tested with neuropsychometric tests before and after surgery; 155 patients undergoing "simple" spine surgery were the reference group.