Management of Resistant Herpetic Whitlow: A Case of Recurrent Herpetic Whitlow Resistant to Standard Therapy.

Introduction: Herpetic whitlow, due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2, typically presents with vesicles that may coalesce into bullae. Herpetic whitlow often resolves without intervention but can be treated with antiviral medications.

Case Presentation: Herein is a report of a 68-year-old female patient with a history of well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a 4-year history of recurrent HSV-2 herpes genitalis who failed multiple trials of standard antiviral therapy clinically confirming a case of resistant HSV-2 infection, with recurrent tender lesions on her digits.

Modifiable Risk Factors Including Self-Perceived Stress for Breast Cancer in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study of 10 757 Subject.

Background: In Hong Kong, breast cancer is the commonest female cancer. In addition to intrinsic risk factors that cannot be modified, other factors may be potentially modifiable. The objective of this report was to determine modifiable risk factors in association with breast cancer among Chinese women in our locality.

Recurrent herpes simplex virus mimicking vulvar carcinoma in patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A case report.

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for developing other gynecologic conditions, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)/carcinoma. We describe the case of a woman with a history of microinvasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma who presented with hypertrophic ulcerated vulvar and -anal masses concerning for malignancy. This case highlights the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for malignancy and herpes simplex virus, even with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, as well as the difficulty of treating this often-resistant lesion.

Combination antibiotic therapy for treatment of a patient with infected prosthesis and peri-prosthetic abscess due to harboring New Delhi Metallo (NDM) beta-lactamase.

Treatment options for patients infected with multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria harboring metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) requires precision therapy. We present the case of a 20 year-old male with a right distal femoral peri-prosthetic abscess with presumed infected hardware and osteomyelitis in whom four multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria were isolated. The rapid identification of an MBL producing organism, novel combination of therapy, and prompt infection prevention enforcement and education led to appropriate treatment of our patient as well as prevention of spread of organisms during and after hospitalization.

: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.

is a beta-hemolytic Gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonmotile coccus arranged in short chains, usually found in the female genitourinary tract and differentiated from in 2006. Only two human infections associated with this organism have been reported to date: one in a patient with a first digit wound infection and another with lower extremity cellulitis. We describe two novel cases of causing endocarditis in one and pneumonia with empyema in another, illustrating the potential of these bacteria to cause severe invasive and life-threatening disease.

Changing pattern of recurrences in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the era of dual anti-HER2 therapy.

Background: Over the last 10 years, there has been a major treatment revolution for early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. We aimed to explore the outcome of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a tertiary breast cancer centre with early HER2-positive breast cancer as well as factors associated with pathological complete response (pCR) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The pattern of recurrence was also studied.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer: Magnetic Tracer as the Only Localizing Agent.

Background: The combined use of radioisotope and blue dye is the gold standard in sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization in early breast cancer. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) has recently emerged as a non-inferior new tracer in sentinel lymph node mapping with fewer disadvantages. This study represents the first and the largest cohort of superparamagnetic iron oxide application in Asian population.

Statistical assessment of bi-exponential diffusion weighted imaging signal characteristics induced by intravoxel incoherent motion in malignant breast tumors.

Background: The purpose of this study is to statistically assess whether bi-exponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model better characterizes diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal of malignant breast tumor than mono-exponential Gaussian diffusion model.

Methods: 3 T DWI data of 29 malignant breast tumors were retrospectively included. Linear least-square mono-exponential fitting and segmented least-square bi-exponential fitting were used for apparent diffusion coefficient () and IVIM parameter quantification, respectively.

The Impact of the Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Assay on Treatment Decisions for Women With Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Node-Negative Breast Carcinoma in Hong Kong.

Background: The Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Assay is validated to assess risk of distant recurrence and likelihood of chemotherapy (CT) benefit in estrogen receptor-positive ESBC in various populations. In Hong Kong, > 80% of breast cancers are early stage breast cancer (ESBC) and > 60% of these women receive CT. This prospective study measured changes in CT type and recommendations, as well as physician impression of assay impact in a homogenous Chinese population.

Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women.

Aim: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients.

Methods: Seven thousand one hundred and fifty-two women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers.

Lobular breast cancers lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of ductal cancers in two independent patient cohorts: implications for tumor biology and adjuvant therapy.

Background: Although invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage ILC and IDC identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage ILC and IDC in two breast cancer patient cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity.

Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared.

Effects of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in transgenic mouse models of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia, is characterized by potentially neurotoxic aggregation of Aβ peptide and tau protein, and their deposition as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau aggregation also occurs in other common neurodegenerative diseases. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be caused by tau mutations that increase the susceptibility of tau to hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, which may cause neuronal dysfunction and deposition of NFTs.

Benefit of ultrasonography in the detection of clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of high-resolution ultrasonography in the detection of clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: From September 2003 to November 2006, a total of 1485 patients were confirmed to have in situ or invasive breast cancer in Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Breast Care Centre. All patients underwent mammography (MMG) and/ or sonography (USG) evaluation.

Experience of stereotactic breast biopsy using the vacuum-assisted core needle biopsy device and the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation system in Hong Kong women.

Background: Stereotactic breast biopsy of non-palpable lesions using the vacuum-assisted core needle biopsy (CNB) device and the large core excision biopsy system is a reliable biopsy method when compared with open biopsy. Its use in Western countries is well accepted. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and results of using these systems to perform stereotactic biopsy in Asian women.