First aid training for laypeople.

Rationale: The global burden of death and disability is significantly influenced by illness and injury, which can occur at any time and anywhere. When these conditions are acute or life-threatening, immediate care outside the hospital becomes crucial. In these situations, first aid provided by laypeople (i.

Spinal Motion Restriction for Possible Traumatic Cervical Spine Injury: A Scoping Review.

Spinal motion restriction protocols are used worldwide by Emergency Medical Service professionals for patients with suspected spinal injuries. Similar guidance for trained and untrained first aid providers is currently lacking and continuously debated, fueled by ongoing controversy on the use of cervical collars by lay first aid providers and evidence of potential harm of spinal motion restriction practices and devices. A systematic collection of the available evidence may provide much-needed clarity and inform policy.

Balancing Donor Health and Plasma Collection: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Plasmapheresis Frequency.

Most plasma used for manufacturing plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs) such as albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig), and clotting factors is obtained from source plasma collected via plasmapheresis, the majority of which is contributed by the United States (US). While the demand for PDMPs continues to rise, it remains unclear whether high-frequency plasmapheresis, such as the twice-weekly plasma donation allowed in the US, may have any (long-term) adverse health effects on the donor. To investigate the frequency at which plasma can be donated without harm to the donor, the current systematic review explores the impact of plasma donation frequency on cardiovascular health, protein depletion, and adverse events in healthy plasma donors.

Does cold storage of blood before transfusion prevent the transmission of syphilis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Although screening of donated blood for syphilis is almost universally applied, its cost-effectiveness is questioned because of the low prevalence of transfusion-transmitted syphilis and a widespread belief that the syphilis-causing bacterium Treponema pallidum is very vulnerable to cold storage. Since the latter claim is not yet supported by a systematic review, we investigated whether syphilis can be transmitted via transfusion following prolonged (cold or room temperature) storage of blood products.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE, PMC and NCBI bookshelf (PubMed interface), Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched up to 17 January 2023.

Safety and protection of plasma donors: A scoping review and evidence gap map.

Background And Objectives: As part of a large-scale project to safely increase plasma collection in Europe, the current scoping review identifies the existing evidence (gaps) on adverse events (AEs) and other health effects in plasmapheresis donors, as well as factors that may be associated with such events/effects.

Materials And Methods: We searched six databases and three registries. Study characteristics (publication type, language, study design, population, outcomes, associated factors, time of assessment, duration of follow-up, number and frequency of donations, convalescent plasma [y/n], setting and location) were synthesized narratively and in an interactive evidence gap map (EGM).

Re-Evaluating the Relevance of the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Model in Ischemic Stroke: The Example of Cdk Inhibition.

Previous research has shown that cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that play physiological roles in cell cycle regulation become activated in post-mitotic neurons after ischemic stroke, resulting in apoptotic neuronal death. In this article, we report our results using the widely used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro model of ischemic stroke on primary mouse cortical neurons to investigate whether Cdk7, as part of the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex that activates cell cycle Cdks, might be a regulator of ischemic neuronal death and may potentially constitute a therapeutic target for neuroprotection. We found no evidence of neuroprotection with either pharmacological or genetic invalidation of Cdk7.

Core cell cycle machinery is crucially involved in both life and death of post-mitotic neurons.

A persistent dogma in neuroscience supported the idea that terminally differentiated neurons permanently withdraw from the cell cycle. However, since the late 1990s, several studies have shown that cell cycle proteins are expressed in post-mitotic neurons under physiological conditions, indicating that the cell cycle machinery is not restricted to proliferating cells. Moreover, many studies have highlighted a clear link between cell cycle-related proteins and neurological disorders, particularly relating to apoptosis-induced neuronal death.

Murine iPSC-derived microglia and macrophage cell culture models recapitulate distinct phenotypical and functional properties of classical and alternative neuro-immune polarisation.

The establishment and validation of reliable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived in vitro models to study microglia and monocyte/macrophage immune function holds great potential for fundamental and translational neuro-immunology research. In this study, we first demonstrate that ramified CXCR1 iPSC-microglia (cultured within a neural environment) and round-shaped CXCR1 iPSC-macrophages can easily be differentiated from newly established murine CXCR1CCR2 iPSC lines. Furthermore, we show that obtained murine iPSC-microglia and iPSC-macrophages are distinct cell populations, even though iPSC-macrophages may upregulate CXCR1 expression when cultured within a neural environment.

Mutated CTSF in adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and FTD.

Objective: To investigate the molecular basis of a Belgian family with autosomal recessive adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL or Kufs disease [KD]) with pronounced frontal lobe involvement and to expand the findings to a cohort of unrelated Belgian patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods: Genetic screening in the ANCL family and FTD cohort (n = 461) was performed using exome sequencing and targeted massive parallel resequencing.

Results: We identified a homozygous mutation (p.

Social cognition and the cerebellum: A meta-analytic connectivity analysis.

This meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) study explores the functional connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebrum in social cognitive processes. In a recent meta-analysis, Van Overwalle, Baetens, Mariën, and Vandekerckhove (2014) documented that the cerebellum is implicated in social processes of "body" reading (mirroring; e.g.

Cognitive and affective disturbances following focal brainstem lesions: a review and report of three cases.

Although insights in cerebellar neurocognition and affect are continuously growing, little is known about the role of the brainstem in cognitive and behavioural processing. In this paper, it is hypothesized that the brainstem is an inherent functional part of the cerebellocerebral network subserving cognition and affect, and that isolated brainstem damage may cause a constellation of symptoms closely resembling the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) following cerebellar pathology. In order to investigate these premises, the available literature on cognitive and affective disturbances following brainstem lesions was critically reviewed starting from the pioneer descriptions in the 1950s till June 2012.