Reporting guideline for chatbot health advice studies: The CHART statement.

The Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART) is a reporting guideline developed to provide reporting recommendations for studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots when summarizing clinical evidence and providing health advice, referred to as Chatbot Health Advice (CHA) studies. CHART was developed in several phases after performing a comprehensive systematic review to identify variation in the conduct, reporting and methodology in CHA studies. Findings from the review were used to develop a draft checklist that was revised through an international, multidisciplinary modified asynchronous Delphi consensus process of 531 stakeholders, three synchronous panel consensus meetings of 48 stakeholders, and subsequent pilot testing of the checklist.

Reporting Guideline for Chatbot Health Advice Studies: The CHART Statement.

Importance: The rise in chatbot health advice (CHA) studies is accompanied by heterogeneity in reporting standards, impacting their interpretability.

Objective: To provide reporting recommendations for studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots when summarizing clinical evidence and providing health advice.

Design, Setting, And Participants: CHART was developed in several phases after performing a comprehensive systematic review to identify variation in the conduct, reporting, and methodology in CHA studies.

Reporting guideline for Chatbot Health Advice studies: the CHART statement.

Background: The Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART) is a reporting guideline developed to provide reporting recommendations for studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots when summarizing clinical evidence and providing health advice, referred to as Chatbot Health Advice (CHA) studies.

Methods: CHART was developed in several phases after performing a comprehensive systematic review to identify variation in the conduct, reporting, and methodology in CHA studies. Findings from the review were used to develop a draft checklist that was revised through an international, multidisciplinary modified asynchronous Delphi consensus process of 531 stakeholders, three synchronous panel consensus meetings of 48 stakeholders, and subsequent pilot testing of the checklist.

Reading and conducting instrumental variable studies: guide, glossary, and checklist.

Instrumental variable analysis uses naturally occurring variation to estimate the causal effects of treatments, interventions, and risk factors on outcomes in the population from observational data. Under specific assumptions, instrumental variable methods can provide unbiased estimates of causal effects. This article explains these assumptions and the information and tests typically reported in instrumental variable studies, which can assess the credibility of the findings of instrumental variable studies.

Nodal Response and Survival After Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: 20-Year Experience from a Single Institution.

Introduction: Axillary response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) is not well-described. This study was designed to characterize nodal response after NET.

Methods: Patients receiving NET followed by curative intent surgery at a comprehensive cancer center from 1998 to 2022 in a prospectively collected registry were included.

Prospective Study of a System-Wide Adrenal Incidentaloma Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Appropriate follow-up of incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) is infrequent. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) program to improve management of IAMs.

Study Design: This system-wide initiative targeted primary care providers (PCPs) after IAM detection.

A Standardized Radiology Template Improves Incidental Adrenal Mass Follow-Up: A Prospective Effectiveness and Implementation Study.

Purpose: Incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) are common but rarely evaluated. To improve this, we developed a standardized radiology report recommendation template and investigated its implementation and effectiveness.

Methods: We prospectively studied implementation of a standardized IAM reporting template as part of an ongoing quality improvement initiative, which also included primary care provider (PCP) notifications and a straightforward clinical algorithm.

Advancing the Real-World Evidence for Medical Devices through Coordinated Registry Networks.

Objectives: Generating and using real-world evidence (RWE) is a pragmatic solution for evaluating health technologies. RWE is recognized by regulators, health technology assessors, clinicians, and manufacturers as a valid source of information to support their decision-making. Well-designed registries can provide RWE and become more powerful when linked with electronic health records and administrative databases in coordinated registry networks (CRNs).

The impact of English proficiency on outcomes after bariatric surgery.

Background: Several studies demonstrated language that discordant care between may lead to mixed outcomes and increased use of hospital-resources. In the setting of bariatric surgery, which relies heavily on intensive pre-operative and post-operative counseling, we hypothesized that patients with LEP would have less favorable outcomes compared to English-proficient (EP) patients.

Methods: All patients 18 years and older, who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) from January 2013 to December 2017 were included.

Limited English Proficiency and Clinical Outcomes After Hospital-Based Care in English-Speaking Countries: a Systematic Review.

Background: Limited English proficiency (LEP) is common among hospitalized patients and may impact care. We synthesized the literature comparing clinical outcomes after in-hospital care for English-proficient(EP) versus LEP patients.

Methods: This systematic review searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception through June 7, 2020, to identify research investigating clinical outcomes in patients receiving hospital-based care (in the emergency department, inpatient ward, surgical/procedural suite, or intensive care unit) that compared patients with LEP to an EP group.

Clinical perspectives on delivering a Positive Behaviour Support intervention for challenging behaviours following acquired brain injury.

Challenging behaviours are distressing sequelae for people with acquired brain injury (ABI) and their families. Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is a collaborative approach focussing on improving quality of life for individuals with ABI presenting with challenging behaviours. This qualitative study explored clinicians' experiences of a 12-month intervention (PBS+PLUS) for adults with ABI and their family/carers.

Incidental Adrenal Masses: Adherence to Guidelines and Methods to Improve Initial Follow-Up: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) are detected in approximately 1%-2% of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. Recent estimates suggest that more than 70-million relevant CT scans are performed annually in the United States; thus, IAMs represent a significant clinical entity. Most clinical guidelines recommend an initial follow-up evaluation that includes imaging and biochemical testing after index IAM detection.

"I've never been positive … I am now": Participant perspectives of a Positive Behaviour Support intervention (PBS + PLUS) for community-living individuals with ABI and their close others.

Challenging behaviours are common following moderate to severe acquired brain injury (ABI). These behaviours cause relationship and community participation difficulties and are a significant source of stress for many individuals with ABI and their close others (COs). A Positive Behaviour Support intervention, PBS + PLUS, was implemented to assist individuals with ABI to collaboratively build meaningful lives and self-regulate their behaviour.

Strategies to optimize management of incidental radiographic findings in the primary care setting: A mixed methods study.

Background: Incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) are common. Primary care providers (PCPs) are frequently responsible for incidentaloma evaluations. We evaluated whether PCPs view this paradigm effective, barriers faced, and strategies to optimize care delivery.

Patient-Level Factors Influencing Palliative Care Consultation at a Safety-Net Urban Hospital.

The influence of patient-level factors on palliative and hospice care is unclear. We conducted a retrospective review of 2321 patients aged ≥18 that died within 6 months of admission to our institution between 2012 and 2017. Patients were included for analysis if their chart was complete, their length of stay was ≥48 hours, and if based on their diagnoses, they would have benefited from palliative care consultation (PCC).

Management Strategies to Promote Follow-Up Care for Incidental Findings: A Scoping Review.

Background: Incidentalomas, or unexpectedly identified masses, are frequently identified in diagnostic imaging studies. Incidentalomas may require timely follow-up care to determine if they are benign, disease-causing, or malignant lesions; however, many incidentalomas do not receive diagnostic workup. The most effective strategies to manage incidentalomas and optimal metrics for judging the efficacy of these strategies remain unclear.

A Web Application for Adrenal Incidentaloma Identification, Tracking, and Management Using Machine Learning.

Background: Incidental radiographic findings, such as adrenal nodules, are commonly identified in imaging studies and documented in radiology reports. However, patients with such findings frequently do not receive appropriate follow-up, partially due to the lack of tools for the management of such findings and the time required to maintain up-to-date lists. Natural language processing (NLP) is capable of extracting information from free-text clinical documents and could provide the basis for software solutions that do not require changes to clinical workflows.

Provider-patient Language Discordance and Cancer Operations: Outcomes from a Single Center Linked to a State Vital Statistics Registry.

Introduction: Patterns of worldwide immigration have resulted in high rates of discordance between medical providers and the patients they treat. For example, in the USA, 25 million individuals in the USA self-identified that they speak English less than "very well." Previous studies have generated mixed results regarding differences in postoperative outcomes between English proficient (EP) and limited English proficient (LEP) patients.