Specialized Large Language Model Outperforms Neurologists at Complex Diagnosis in Blinded Case-Based Evaluation.

: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has demonstrated versatility in various applications but faces challenges in specialized domains like neurology. This study evaluates a specialized LLM's capability and trustworthiness in complex neurological diagnosis, comparing its performance to neurologists in simulated clinical settings. : We deployed GPT-4 Turbo (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, US) through Neura (Sciense, New York, NY, US), an AI infrastructure with a dual-database architecture integrating "long-term memory" and "short-term memory" components on a curated neurological corpus.

Borrelia spielmanii-Associated Neuroborreliosis in Patient Receiving Rituximab, Belgium.

A 58-year-old woman in Belgium with a history of follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab sought care for a rapid sensory-motor deficit. Seronegative neuroborreliosis caused by Borrelia spielmanii was diagnosed, likely related to humoral deficiency. High CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 levels and PCR confirmed the diagnosis.

Simultaneous bilateral optic neuropathy and myelitis revealing paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with multiple onconeuronal antibodies.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are immune-mediated complications of cancer associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Optic neuropathy (ON) and myelitis are frequent manifestations of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders but are considered as non-classical in PNS. Here, we report a case of PNS revealed by simultaneous bilateral ON and myelitis related to a cluster of three neural autoantibodies, in the setting of small cell lung cancer.