Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Conduction System Pacing.

Left bundle branch block (LBBB), initially described in the early 20th century, has become increasingly recognized as one of the leading causes of advanced heart failure (HF). In addition to rapidly growing data on guideline-directed medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) via transvenous coronary sinus lead has been the gold-standard therapy, but one-third of the indicated patients do not receive the expected benefits. Recently, cardiac conduction system pacing (CSP) was identified as an alternative to traditional CRT strategy, and multiple data have been published during the last few years.