Validated Multimethod Approach for Full Characterization of 2'-Fucosyl-d-lactose as an Industrially Produced Human Milk Oligosaccharide.

Human milk oligosaccharides are of high interest as active ingredients in infant formulas and dietary food supplements. Full characterization of members of this compound class is challenging due to the intrinsic complexity of byproducts during synthesis by fermentation. Moreover, when method validation is targeted for a regulated environment, a robust chromatographic separation of the highly polar oligosaccharides needs to be addressed, including isomers and compounds relevant for potential product adulteration.

Synthesis of amino acid derivatives via enantio- and diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitutions with a non-stabilized enolate as nucleophile.

Diastereomer ratios of up to 95:5 and enantiomeric excesses of up to 95% were achieved in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric alyllic substitutions with zinc enolates of glycine esters as nucleophiles; a remarkable effect of the ligand on the diastereoselectivity of the substitution was found.