A Case of Esophageal Retention Cyst with High Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake on PET/CT Scan.

Introduction: Esophageal retention cysts are rare, benign lesions that can mimic submucosal tumors. Their clinical presentation and imaging characteristics may lead to diagnostic challenges, particularly when fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) shows increased uptake, raising suspicion of malignancy.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old man presented with epigastric pain.

The Ratio of the Preoperative Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid to Lactic Acid Concentrations as a Predictor of Postoperative Infectious Complications After Esophagectomy.

Background: The ratio of the fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) to lactic acid concentrations (APB-L ratio) is a useful indicator for the healthiness of the intestinal microenvironment. A recent study indicated that the low APB-L ratio can be a predictor of postoperative infectious complications (POICs) in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, the predictive power of the APB-L ratio in other highly invasive surgeries, such as esophagectomy, is still unclear.

Detection of pathologic complete response using deep neural network-based endoscopic evaluation in patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study from 46 Japanese esophageal centers.

Background: Detecting pathological complete response (pCR) preoperatively facilitated a non-surgical approach after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We previously developed a deep neural network-based endoscopic evaluation to determine pCR preoperatively. Its quality warrants improvement with a larger data series for clinical application.

Optimal Primary Prophylaxis for Febrile Neutropenia During Neoadjuvant Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Plus Docetaxel for Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (DCF) is the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC). DCF is associated with a high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN), but the optimal primary prophylaxis remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess risk factors for FN and efficacy of primary prophylaxis using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and antibiotics in LAEC patients treated with DCF.

A Novel Liver Retraction Method Using a Polypropylene Suture in Robotic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: The Subphrenic Pulley Method.

Introduction: Effective liver retraction is crucial in minimally invasive upper gastrointestinal surgeries, including laparoscopic gastrectomy and robotic gastrectomy (RG) for gastric cancer, to ensure optimal visualization and sufficient working space. Various techniques have been developed to improve the surgical view, simplify procedures, and reduce complications. However, liver enzyme elevation has been a notable concern in these procedures.

Early administration of caplacizumab combined with plasma exchange for thrombotic microangiopathy due to malignant hypertension: a case report.

Both thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and malignant hypertension (MHT) present with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Combination therapy with caplacizumab, anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain antibody, and plasma exchange (PE) has recently been highlighted as a novel therapeutic option for TTP. We treated a 51-year-old woman who showed severe hypertension, retinopathy, and acute kidney injury.

Conversion from Radical Esophagectomy to Definitive Chemoradiotherapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Treatment Options Based on Chemotherapy Response.

Background: Radical esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the established strategy for resectable advanced esophageal cancer. However, some patients are converted to definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) after NAC due to reasons such as their wishes or disease progression, and their prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients who converted to dCRT.

Parvovirus B19-related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presenting with positive glomerular staining for nephritis-associated plasmin receptor: a case report and review of the literature.

Several cases of glomerulonephritis occurring after infection with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) have been reported. However, the pathogenesis and clinicopathological features of PVB19-related glomerulonephritis remain elusive. We describe the case of a 34 year-old woman who showed nephrotic syndrome and microscopic hematuria 10 days after PVB19 infection.

Significance of Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Resectable Stage IV Low Rectal Cancer: Experience from a Single Center in Japan.

Objectives: To investigate the significance of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in resectable stage IV low rectal cancers, reviewing the treatment outcomes from a single cancer center dedicated to LPLND.

Methods: Consecutive 56 patients with stage IV low rectal cancers who underwent primary tumor resection (PTR) between 2007 and 2022 were identified. Sixteen patients with non-curative PTR were excluded, and 40 with curative PTR were analyzed.

Significance of blood culture testing after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of blood culture testing in the postoperative period of pancreatoduodectomy (PD), a highly invasive surgery.

Methods: Rates of blood culture sampling and positivity were investigated for febrile episodes (FEs) in patients who underwent PD (2016-2021). FEs were defined as body temperature of 38.

Prognostic impact of shift to low visceral fat mass after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.

Background: Based on the JCOG1109 trial, it is suggested that the combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) could potentially become a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, alongside the conventional 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (CF) therapy, for esophageal cancer. However, there are few reports on the impact of body composition changes associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on prognosis.

Aim: Our study aimed to explore the effect of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens on body composition during treatment and the impacts of body composition changes on their prognosis.

Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in patients with a history of total pharyngolaryngectomy: a Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: Second primary esophageal cancer often develops in patients with head and neck cancer, and esophagectomy in patients with a history of total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) is challenging. However, the clinical outcomes of these patients have yet to be examined in a multicenter setting.

Methods: We evaluated the surgical outcomes of a nationwide cohort of 62 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with a history of TPL.

[Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions].

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL), defined as inflammatory demyelinating lesions, may develop either during treatment for multiple sclerosis and related disorders or as the first demyelinating episode without any past medical history suggesting demyelination. If the latter, it would be so delicate to diagnose as demyelination. Especially in such situations, biopsy is often necessary in addition to neuroimaging for distinction TDL with tumorous or infectious diseases.

Broadband Quasielastic Scattering Spectroscopy Using a Multiline Frequency Comblike Spectrum in the Hard X-Ray Region.

We developed a novel quasielastic scattering spectroscopy system that uses a multiline frequency comblike resolution function to overcome the limit on the accessible timescale imposed by the inherent single-energy resolution of conventional spectroscopy systems. The new multiline system possesses multiple resolutions and can efficiently cover a wide time range, from 100 ps to 100 ns, where x-ray-based dynamic measurement techniques are being actively developed. It enables visualization of the relaxation shape and wave-number-dependent dynamic behavior using a two-dimensional detector, as demonstrated for the natural polymer polybutadine without deuteration.

Focal Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy Complicated by Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance/Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Successfully Diagnosed by Immunofluorescence on Pronase-Digested Paraffin Section: Reports of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

Light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) is a rare type of paraprotein-related disease (PRDs) characterized by monoclonal free light chain (FLC) deposition in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). A diagnosis of LCPT requires identification of FLC deposition in PTECs; however, FLC luminescence defects in immunofluorescence staining using frozen tissue (IF-F), regarded as "masked LCPT", are occasionally encountered. We describe two cases of focal masked LCPT in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) diagnosed by IF in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections following pronase digestion (IF-P) rather than by IF-F.

Doublet chemotherapy, triplet chemotherapy, or doublet chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer (JCOG1109 NExT): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognosis remains poor and more intensive neoadjuvant treatment might be needed to improve patient outcomes. We therefore aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant doublet chemotherapy, triplet chemotherapy, and doublet chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in patients with previously untreated locally advanced OSCC.

A case of acinar cell carcinoma originating from the accessory papilla of the duodenum.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old female was referred to our hospital with a neoplastic lesion in the duodenum. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed a 10-mm tumor in the duodenum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the descending part of the duodenum.

Novel Repair Technique for Oral and Anal Side Stoma Prolapse of a Loop Colostomy With the Stapled Modified Altemeier Method Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging.

Background/aim: Stoma prolapse is a common complication in the late phase after stoma creation. With advances in chemotherapy, a double-orifice colostomy or ileostomy and chemotherapy are used to treat primary unresectable colorectal cancer. Preoperative therapy with a double-orifice colostomy or ileostomy is performed to aid primary colorectal cancer miniaturization.

Critical swallowing functions contributing to dysphagia in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after esophagectomy.

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) after esophagectomy can cause aspiration because of incomplete glottis closure, leading to pneumonia. However, patients with RLNP often have preserved swallowing function. This study investigated factors that determine swallowing function in patients with RLNP.