Outcomes of Palliative Care in Extracorporeal Life Support: A Systematic Review.

Context: Use of palliative care in extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has increased, but its impact on patient- and family-centered outcomes remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the relationship between specialty palliative care and patient- and family-centered outcomes for patients receiving ECLS.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) through August 26, 2024.

Assessing Evidence Bias for Prehospital Tourniquet Use: A Scoping Review.

Background: The available evidence for the prehospital use of tourniquets is largely based on the military experience of high-resource countries over the last 30 years. Though the lifesaving benefits of an appropriately applied tourniquet to stop catastrophic bleeding are undeniable, the potential consequences of tourniquet application differ greatly within different environments. In many low resource settings, both the time until initial treatment and the evacuation time to a qualified medical care can range from hours to days.

Synthesizing the Evidence Base to Enhance Coordination between Humanitarian Mine Action and Emergency Care for Casualties of Explosive Ordnance and Explosive Weapons: A Scoping Review.

Background: Humanitarian mine action (HMA) stakeholders have an organized presence with well-resourced medical capability in many conflict and post-conflict settings. Humanitarian mine action has the potential to positively augment local trauma care capacity for civilian casualties of explosive ordnance (EO) and explosive weapons (EWs). Yet at present, few strategies exist for coordinated engagement between HMA and the health sector to support emergency care system strengthening to improve outcomes among EO/EW casualties.

The intersection of community engagement and team science research: A scoping review.

Introduction: Integrating community expertise into scientific teams and research endeavors can holistically address complex health challenges and grand societal problems. An in-depth understanding of the integration of team science and community engagement principles is needed. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify how and where team science and community engagement approaches are being used simultaneously in research.

Interventional Strategies for Children with Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension Despite Optimal Therapy: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Pulmonary hypertension in children is progressive with wide variability in prognosis. This document provides an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of children with progressive pulmonary hypertension despite optimal therapy. A multidisciplinary panel identified pertinent questions regarding the management of children with pulmonary hypertension that has progressed despite optimal therapy, conducted systematic reviews of the relevant literature, and applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to develop clinical recommendations.

Community Health Worker Videoconferencing Interventions for Disease Management and Health Promotion: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Public health interventions delivered by community health workers (CHWs) have been proven effective in improving health outcomes across multiple fields, particularly in populations that are underserved by traditional health care systems. To date, little research is available about how CHW-led interventions could be successfully delivered virtually, despite many other health care services being offered via telehealth.

Objective: This paper details a scoping review protocol that aims to assess the existing literature on CHW-led interventions using videoconferencing technology.

Successful ingredients of effective Collaborative Care programs in low- and middle-income countries: A rapid review.

Integrating mental health care in primary healthcare settings is a compelling strategy to address the mental health treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Collaborative Care is the integrated care model with the most evidence supporting its effectiveness, but most research has been conducted in high-income countries. Efforts to implement this complex multi-component model at scale in LMICs will be enhanced by understanding the model components that have been effective in LMIC settings.

Operative Trauma Courses: A Scoping Review to Inform the Development of a Trauma Surgery Course for Low-Resource Settings.

Background: A multitude of operative trauma courses exist, most of which are designed for and conducted in high-resource settings. There are numerous barriers to adapting such courses to low- and low-middle-income countries (LMICs), including resource constraints and contextual variations in trauma care. Approaches to implementing operative trauma courses in LMICs have not been evaluated in a structured manner.

Perioperative Risk Assessment in Humanitarian Settings: A Scoping Review.

Background: No validated perioperative risk assessment models currently exist for use in humanitarian settings. To inform the development of a perioperative mortality risk assessment model applicable to humanitarian settings, we conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify reports that described perioperative risk assessment in surgical care in humanitarian settings and LMICs.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify records that described perioperative risk assessment in low-resource or humanitarian settings.

Surrogate Endpoints as Predictors of Overall Survival in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Trial-level Analysis.

Background: Surrogate endpoints (SEs), such as progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are frequently used in clinical trials. The relationship between SEs and overall survival (OS) has not been well described in metastatic urothelial cancer (MUC).

Objective: We evaluated trial-level data to assess the relationship between SEs and OS.

Estimating the global health impact of gender-based violence and violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Exposure to gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Previous reviews of health outcomes associated with GBV and VAC have focused on limited definitions of exposure to violence (ie, intimate partner violence) and often investigate associations only with predefined health outcomes. In this protocol, we describe a systematic review and meta-analysis for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of violence exposure on health outcomes and health-related risk factors across the life-course.

Use of Race in Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review.

Importance: National clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) guide medical practice. The use of race in CPGs has the potential to positively or negatively affect structural racism and health inequities.

Objective: To review the use of race in published pediatric CPGs.

Mental health problems and service gaps experienced by pregnant adolescents and young women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Background: Pregnant adolescent girls and young women (AGYW, aged 12-24 years) are at high risk for mental health problems, particularly in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of mental health studies among pregnant AGYW in SSA published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2020 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Global Index Medicus following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42021230980). We used Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model to frame and synthesize results from included studies.

A systematic review of the influence of anti-TNF on infection rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The present article aims to provide a systematic review of the influence of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) on infection rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method: Medline was searched to obtain quality control information on infection rates in RA patients treated with anti-TNF.

Results: A high proportion of RA patients are now established users of anti-TNF agents.

Should anti-TNF therapy be discontinued in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery? A systematic review of the evidence.

Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies have revolutionized the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A high proportion of RA patients are now established users of anti-TNF agents. Unfortunately, many RA patients with longstanding disease still require elective orthopaedic procedures.