A new biocompatible butyric acid-releasing glucosamine derivative for transdermal delivery.

The carrier prodrug approach is a well-established medicinal chemistry strategy adopted to refine the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of parent drugs. In the present work, this strategy was applied to improve the transdermal delivery of butyric acid (BA) by employing D-glucosamine (N-Glc), a natural and non-toxic molecule, as a carrier. Accordingly, the design and synthesis of a new carrier prodrug, N-glucosamine tetrabutyrate (3-amino-6-((butyryloxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl tributyrate, N-Glc-BE) is reported.

Phenylalanine Butyramide: A Butyrate Derivative as a Novel Inhibitor of Tyrosinase.

Metabolites resulting from the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, such as short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play important roles in maintaining gut health and regulating various biological effects in the skin. However, butyrate is underutilized due to its unpleasant odor. To circumvent this organoleptic unfavorable property, phenylalanine butyramide (PBA), a butyrate precursor, has been synthesized and is currently available on the market.

Clinical Studies Using Topical Melatonin.

Melatonin is ubiquitously present in all animals and plants, where it exerts a variety of physiological activities thanks to its antioxidant properties and its key role as the first messenger of extracellular signaling functions. Most of the clinical studies on melatonin refer to its widespread oral use as a dietary supplement to improve sleep. A far smaller number of articles describe the clinical applications of topical melatonin to treat or prevent skin disorders by exploiting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

NAD-Driven Sirtuin Activation by Extract: Exploring the Adaptogenic Potential to Promote Skin Longevity.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in utilizing Traditional Chinese Medicine principles and natural bioactive compounds to combat age-related ailments and enhance longevity. A mycelium hydroethanolic extract (CsEx), which was standardized in cordycepin and adenosine using UHPLC-DAD, was investigated for its adaptogenic properties using in vitro assays and a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 40 subjects. The CsEx demonstrated activity at a concentration of 0.