Profile of regional fat and fat-free soft tissue accumulation in male athletes.

Background: It is unclear whether or not the breakpoint (BP), at which the proportion of each of fat mass (FM) and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) to body mass (BM) alter, exists in male athletes. We examined the hypothesis that in male athletes, the regional FM and FFSTM-BM relationships have a BP, but the body mass at BP (BM) differs among the arms, trunk, and legs.

Methods: By using a dual X-ray absorptiometry, whole-body and regional FMs and FFSTMs in the arms, trunk, and legs were estimated in 198 male athletes (20.

Body fat percentage assessment by ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness measurements in middle-aged and older adults.

Background & Aims: B-mode ultrasound accurately measures both muscle mass, body density and percent body fat (% BF) in younger adults, but how well it can estimate % BF in middle-aged and older adults using DXA-derived %BF as the criterion is unclear. We sought to develop % BF prediction equations for middle-aged and older adults using ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of Japanese adults (n = 414, 50-79 years) where 276 subjects were randomly assigned to a model development group and the other 138 subjects were assigned to a cross-validation group.

The impact of DXA-derived fat-free adipose tissue on the prevalence of low muscle mass in older adults.

Background/objectives: To investigate the impact of eliminating fat-free adipose tissue (aFFAT) on the prevalence of low muscle mass in older adults.

Subjects/methods: Three hundred and forty-three (153 men and 190 women) well-functioning Japanese older adults (aged 65-79) had their appendicular lean mass (aLM) and appendicular fat mass (aFM) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aFFAT was then estimated from DXA-derived aFM (aFM = (FM/0.

Body shape indices are predictors for estimating fat-free mass in male athletes.

It is unknown whether body size and body shape parameters can be predictors for estimating whole body fat-free mass (FFM) in male athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether body size and shape variables can be predictors for FFM in male athletes. Using a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, whole body fat mass (FM) and FFM were determined in 132 male athletes and 14 sedentary males.

Associations of sit-up ability with sarcopenia classification measures in Japanese older women.

To test the hypothesis that sit-up performance is associated with sarcopenia classification measures, 93 older women aged 53-78 years were divided into three groups based on achieved repetitions (30 s) for the sit-up performance test: Group 0 (G 0,  = 33) performed 0 repetitions, Group 1-9 (G 1-9,  = 30) performed between 1 and 9 repetitions, and Group 10+ (G 10+,  = 30) performed over 10 repetitions. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived appendicular lean soft tissue mass (aLM), handgrip strength (HGS), usual walking speed, and chair stand were measured, and low muscle mass (aLM index) and poor physical function were defined according to previous studies. Age and body mass index were similar among the three groups.

Ultrasound-Derived Forearm Muscle Thickness Is a Powerful Predictor for Estimating DXA-Derived Appendicular Lean Mass in Japanese Older Adults.

To test the validity of published equations, anterior forearm muscle thickness (MT-ulna) of 158 Japanese older adults (72 men and 86 women) aged 50-79 y was measured with ultrasound. Appendicular lean soft tissue mass (aLM) was estimated from MT-ulna using two equations (body height without [eqn 1] and with [eqn 2]) previously published in the literature. Appendicular lean mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA), and this method served as the reference criterion.