Delayed Diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma Arising from a Pulmonary Cyst in an Adult: A Case Report.

Primary pulmonary sarcoma is a rare disease and is much less common than lung cancer among tumors arising from pulmonary cysts. We report the case of a female patient who showed multifocal cysts in the left S9-10. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) revealed that the cyst tended to regress, but the solid component of the cyst wall continued to thicken, growing to a 10-cm-diameter tumor.

Prophylactic azithromycin for chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Azithromycin (AZI) has proven effective in improving pulmonary function and survival in certain patients with established chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) following lung transplantation (LTx), but its prophylactic effects on CLAD remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of prophylactic AZI for CLAD following LTx.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted based on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library.

Bilateral Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Resection for a Patient With Horseshoe Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration: A Novel Minimally Invasive Approach.

We encountered a rare case of bilateral intralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting as horseshoe lung. A 44-year-old asymptomatic woman was referred to our hospital because of increased serum cancer antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, accompanied by an abnormal chest shadow. Preoperative imaging indicated a horseshoe-shaped bilateral intralobar pulmonary sequestration diagnosis.

PBK Expression Promotes the Aggressive Phenotypes of Mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is one of the most aggressive neoplasms worldwide that has a particularly poor prognosis. We have previously discovered that oxytocin receptors (OXTR) are highly expressed in mesothelioma and that OXTR knockdown significantly decreases the proliferation of mesothelioma cells with high OXTR expression. In this study, we performed quantitative proteomic profiling of two mesothelioma cell lines with high OXTR expression using mass spectrometry to investigate the downstream signals of OXTR in mesothelioma cells.

A novel program of cadaver surgical training for young surgeons at the Clinical Anatomy Laboratory Nagoya (CALNA).

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cadaver surgical training program at the Clinical Anatomy Laboratory Nagoya (CALNA), focusing on its impact on procedural skills, confidence, and anatomical understanding among young and mid-career thoracic surgeons.

Methods: From 2016 to 2024, 13 cadaver surgical training sessions were conducted, divided into basic, advanced, and specialized courses. The program included hands-on practice using cadavers preserved with Thiel or hypertonic saline methods.

Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and Novel Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies in Mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is characterized by the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, with frequent mutations in neurofibromin 2 (), BRCA1-associated protein 1 (), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (). These mutations lead to disruptions in the Hippo signaling pathway and histone methylation, thereby promoting tumor growth. mutations result in Merlin deficiency, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, whereas mutations impair chromatin remodeling and hinder DNA damage repair.

Analysis of the changes in health-related quality of life and employment status after surgery in patients with lung cancer: a single-center longitudinal study.

Objective: This study analyzed the changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and employment status of patients undergoing lung cancer surgery in Japan.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective study on patients who underwent lung anatomical resection. The eligible patients completed self-reported HRQOL and employment surveys at baseline and 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Accuracy of lung structure constructed by three-dimensional image analysis with non-enhanced computed tomography.

Background: There are few papers on three-dimensional (3D) images of the lungs using non-enhanced computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of 3D images of the lungs using non-enhanced CT.

Methods: The study included 10 consecutive cases for each lung lobe, totalling 50 cases between March and December 2022.

Impact of Postoperative Therapy on Survival Outcomes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Microscopic Residual Disease.

Background/aim: The aim of the study was to describe the specific characteristics of patients with microscopic residual disease (R1) after surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer and to evaluate the effect of postoperative therapy in R1 patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 3,296 patients. Enrolled R1 patients were divided into two groups: those who received postoperative therapy (PT) and those who did not receive postoperative therapy (NPT).

Lobectomy for primary lung cancer: a comparison of perioperative and postoperative outcomes between robot-assisted thoracic surgery and video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Purpose: This study compared the peri- and postoperative outcomes of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent RATS or VATS at Nagoya University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2022. Propensity score matching was used to balance patient characteristics between the two groups.

Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Diagnosed as a Mediastinal Tumor and Resected by Robotic Surgery.

A 55-year-old woman with no significant medical history or symptoms was incidentally diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor during a routine health checkup. The intraoperative findings of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery led to the diagnosis of extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS), with multiple vessels connecting to the pulmonary artery and superior pulmonary vein. EPS, an extremely rare condition, is typically supplied with blood from the aorta.

A case of peribronchiolar metaplasia of the lung appearing as a solid nodule on computed tomography.

Peribronchiolar metaplasia is an uncommon lesion characterized by fibrosis and bronchiolar epithelial cell proliferation along the peribronchiolar alveolar walls, primarily in response to bronchiolar and peribronchiolar injuries. Peribronchiolar metaplasia usually appears as ground glass nodules or sub-solid nodules on computed tomography. However, we present an exceptional case of peribronchiolar metaplasia that appeared as a solitary solid nodule on computed tomography.

Impact of the expanded indication of robot-assisted thoracic surgery for mediastinal tumors.

Objective: Following the introduction of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) as a health insurance-covered treatment in Japan, we investigated the current status and impact of the expansion of the indications for RATS for mediastinal tumors.

Methods: Between 2018 and 2022, 209 cases of total mediastinal tumor resection were performed in our hospital. The study period was divided into the first half (January 2018 to June 2020) and the second half (July 2020 to December 2022), and perioperative parameters were compared between the two groups.

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Preoperative and Intraoperative Marking in Thoracic Surgery.

The widespread implementation of lung cancer screening and thin-slice computed tomography (CT) has led to the more frequent detection of small nodules, which are commonly referred to thoracic surgeons. Surgical resection is the final diagnostic and treatment option for such nodules; however, surgeons must perform preoperative or intraoperative markings for the identification of such nodules and their precise resection. Historically, hook-wire marking has been performed more frequently worldwide; however, lethal complications, such as air embolism, have been reported.

Transcriptomic profiling of a late recurrent nuclear protein in testis carcinoma of the lung 14 years after the initial operation: a case report.

Background: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) of the lung is a rare cancer that occurs mainly in young adolescents and adults. NC is genetically characterized by rearrangements, which usually take the form of fusions. The prognosis for NC is dismal, and treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens is ineffective.

Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Postoperative Recurrence of Wild-type EGFR Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but specific outcomes of ICIs treatment among patients with postoperative recurrence of NSCLC remain unclear. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of ICIs and chemotherapy with conventional chemotherapy only in patients with postoperative recurrence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent anatomical lung resection at the Nagoya University Hospital and were treated for postoperative recurrence of wild-type EGFR NSCLC.

Multidisciplinary treatment of giant thymoma, paving the way to complete surgical resection: a case report.

Background: A multidisciplinary treatment approach is recommended for patients with extensive, advanced, or recurrent thymomas. However, detailed treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy regimens and optimal surgical procedures, are still under debate.

Case Presentation: We report a case of gigantic locally advanced thymoma.

Development of a machine learning-based risk model for postoperative complications of lung cancer surgery.

Purpose: To develop a comorbidity risk score specifically for lung resection surgeries.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent lung resections for lung cancer, and developed a risk model using data from 2014 to 2017 (training dataset), validated using data from 2018 to 2019 (validation dataset). Forty variables were analyzed, including 35 factors related to the patient's overall condition and five factors related to surgical techniques and tumor-related factors.

A Case of Incidentally Discovered Congenital Complete Pericardial Defect during Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.

An 82-year-old male patient underwent a left upper lobectomy with anterolateral thoracotomy for lung cancer. Although a complete left-pericardial defect was observed during surgery, the pericardial repair was not performed because the left lower lobe remained and the heart was considered stable. Postoperative pathological examination revealed primary synchronous double-lung squamous-cell carcinoma (pathological stage pT2a(2)N0M0 stage IB).

Circulating microRNA Panel for Prediction of Recurrence and Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remain at substantial risk for recurrence and disease-related death, highlighting the unmet need of biomarkers for the assessment and identification of those in an early stage who would likely benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. To identify circulating miRNAs useful for predicting recurrence in early-stage LUAD, we performed miRNA microarray analysis with pools of pretreatment plasma samples from patients with stage I LUAD who developed recurrence or remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. Subsequent validation in 85 patients with stage I LUAD resulted in the development of a circulating miRNA panel comprising miR-23a-3p, miR-320c, and miR-125b-5p and yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.

CHST4 Gene as a Potential Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) develops primarily from asbestos exposures and has a poor prognosis. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to perform a comprehensive survival analysis, which identified the gene as a potential predictor of favorable overall survival for patients with MPM. An enrichment analysis of favorable prognostic genes, including , showed immune-related ontological terms, whereas an analysis of unfavorable prognostic genes indicated cell-cycle-related terms.