Real-World Comparison of Gene-Matched vs. Non-Gene-Matched Therapy Outcomes Using Integrated Genomic and Clinical Data.

Previous studies have demonstrated that 10%-25% of patients receive gene-matched therapy (GMT) after comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). However, its real-world clinical effects remain unclear. This study assessed the feasibility of integrating the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) repository that documented genomic and clinical data and the quality indicator (QI) dataset that included cancer-specific data and administered treatment as a model case of real-world data study of cancer genomic medicine in Japan.

Quality indicators for endometrial cancer care in Japan.

Objective: The incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer are increasing globally, including in Japan. Quality of cancer care is promoted through guideline adherence. This study aimed to establish quality indicators (QIs) for endometrial cancer and explore the factors contributing to treatment nonadherence.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Malignant Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors: A Retrospective Study Using a Japanese Database.

Malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors (MCATs) are rare. Previous population-based studies to determine the clinical features and prognosis of MCATs mainly included Caucasian patients, and the characteristics of Asian patients with MCATs have not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of Asian patients with MCAT using a Japanese database.

A retrospective study of sentinel lymph node biopsy for skin cancer in Japan: Comparison with breast cancer and evaluation of factors related to its use.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) underuse has been reported for skin cancers; however, actual performance rates have not been compared. The objective of this study was to investigate the SLNB performance rate in skin cancers covered by health insurance in Japan and compare it with that in breast cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of the SLNB performance rate in SLNB-eligible patients with breast or skin cancer from 2018 to 2019, utilizing a database linked to the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry and Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey.

Chapter 1: Evaluation of kidney function in patients undergoing anticancer drug therapy, from clinical practice guidelines for the management of kidney injury during anticancer drug therapy 2022.

The prevalence of CKD may be higher in patients with cancer than in those without due to the addition of cancer-specific risk factors to those already present for CKD. In this review, we describe the evaluation of kidney function in patients undergoing anticancer drug therapy. When anticancer drug therapy is administered, kidney function is evaluated to (1) set the dose of renally excretable drugs, (2) detect kidney disease associated with the cancer and its treatment, and (3) obtain baseline values for long-term monitoring.

Effect of M2-like macrophages of the injured-kidney cortex on kidney cancer progression.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects kidney cancer patients' mortality. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. M2-like macrophages have pro-tumor functions, also exist in injured kidney, and promote kidney fibrosis.

Differences in the performance of adjuvant chemotherapy between hemodialysis and nonhemodialysis patients.

Background: The survival of hemodialysis (HD) patients with cancer is poor, which may be caused by undertreatment due to renal dysfunction. Particularly, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery may be considered optional because of its preventive nature. This study investigated the current frequency of administration of adjuvant chemotherapy to HD patients compared with non-HD patients in Japan.

Baseline cardiac function checkup in patients with gastric or breast cancer receiving trastuzumab or anthracyclines.

Background: Although trastuzumab and anthracyclines are frequently used to treat breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC), cardiotoxicity is a serious concern. The cardiac function assessment is recommended at baseline before initiating treatment. However, the prevalence rates of baseline cardiac checkups are unknown.

Cardiac Function Checkup During Trastuzumab Therapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background: Appropriate cardiac function evaluation before trastuzumab therapy is recommended. However, there are no data that show the current practice of appropriate cardiac evaluation for patients receiving postsurgical adjuvant trastuzumab (adjuvant group) and patients with metastatic disease (metastatic group).

Materials And Methods: We assessed patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who received trastuzumab between October 2011 and December 2016 using the national database of the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry.

Epidemiology and practice patterns for male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer in Japan.

Background: The incidence of male breast cancer (MBC), although rare, has shown an increase. However, the current epidemiology of and practice patterns for MBC remain unclear. This study evaluated the characteristics and care patterns for MBC compared with female breast cancer (FBC) in Japan.

Association between chronic kidney disease and mortality in stage IV cancer.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with cancer mortality. However, no study has considered the well-known cancer prognostic factors, ECOG Performance Status (PS) and cancer treatment, as confounding factors. We assessed the independent relationship between CKD and cancer death in stage IV cancer patients.

Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects the kidneys from ischemia via upregulation of glycogen storage.

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates protection via hypoxic preconditioning in both, in vitro and in vivo ischemia models. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins serve as the main HIF regulator via hydroxylation of HIFα leading to its degradation.

Renal thrombotic microangiopathy during nintedanib treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis .

Agents that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its downstream pathway have been reported to be associated with nephrotoxicity including hypertension, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, is known to cause thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), while tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that block VEGF downstream are mainly associated with minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The question regarding the source of the diverse phenotypes of nephrotoxicity associated with these agents remains enigmatic.

Early postoperative inflammatory response by procedure types: stapler-based segmentectomy versus lobectomy.

Objective: Perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have become a contentious topic on the surgical outcome of lung cancer, but the influence of the procedure types has not been precisely investigated. From this viewpoint, we compared two types of thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection: segmentectomy and lobectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent standardized anatomical lung resection at a single institute from 2014 to 2017; CRP levels were routinely measured on postoperative days 1, 3, and 5.