Effect of gastric decompression on postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Postoperative vomiting (POV) is one of the most serious complications in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that gastric decompression (GD) could prevent POV caused by gastric distension after mask ventilation.

Methods: A total of 60 pediatric patients (ASA PS I-II, aged one to 10 years) were randomly allocated to two groups; Group D (n = 30) and Group C (n = 30).

The relaxant effect of nicardipine on the isolated uterine smooth muscle of the pregnant rat.

Background: Nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, is used to treat hypertension in pregnancy or preterm labor. The current study was conducted to investigate the relaxant effects of nicardipine on the isolated uterine smooth muscle of the pregnant rat.

Methods: We obtained uterine smooth muscle strips from pregnant female SD rats.

Mega Acer Kit® is more effective for warming the intravenous fluid than Ranger™ and ThermoSens® at 440 ml/h of infusion rate: an experimental performance study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of intravenous fluid warmers at low and moderate flow rates below 1,000 ml/h. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three different fluid warmers at a low flow rate (440 ml/h).

Methods: We experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of Mega Acer Kit® (Group M, n = 10), Ranger™ (Group R, n = 10), and ThermoSens® (Group T, n = 10) at 440 ml/h for 60 min.

Experimental comparison of performances of Mega Acer Kit, Ranger and ThermoSens according to flow rates and distances.

We experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of three warmers with different technology, according to flow rates and distances. We used the following intravenous fluid warmers: Mega Acer Kit (Group M, n = 8), Ranger (group R, n = 8), and ThermoSens (group T, n = 8). Fluids that had been stored in the operating room over the previous 24 h were delivered at sequent flow rates of from 440 mL/h up to 2500 mL/h through preheated warming devices.

Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on blood glucose levels.

Background: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a commonly used resuscitation fluid, has the property to induce hyperglycemia as it contains large ethyl starch, which can be metabolized to produce glucose. We evaluated the effect of 6% HES-130 on the blood glucose levels in non-diabetic patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo elective lower limb surgery were enrolled.

Effects of lidocaine, ketamine, and remifentanil on withdrawal response of rocuronium.

Background: Rocuronium has been well known to produce withdrawal response in 50-80% patients when administered intravenously. Several drugs are administered prior injection of rocuronium to prevent the withdrawal response. We compared the preventive effect of lidocaine, ketamine, and remifentanil on the withdrawal response of rocuronium.

Effect on thermoregulatory responses in patients undergoing a tympanoplasty in accordance to the anesthetic techniques during PEEP: a comparison between inhalation anesthesia with desflurane and TIVA.

Background: It has been known that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases the vasoconstriction threshold by baroreceptor unloading. We compared the effect on the thermoregulatory responses according to anesthetic techniques between an inhalation anesthesia with desflurane and a total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and reminfentanil when PEEP was applied in patients undergoing tympanoplasty.

Methods: Forty-six patients with a scheduled tympanoplasty were enrolled and the patients were divided in two study groups.

A comparison of the clinical duration and recovery characteristics of cisatracurium after priming using rocuronium or cisatracurium: preliminary study.

Background: The priming technique can speed up the onset of cisatracurium during intubation. However, there have been no reports on the effect of the priming technique on duration or recovery profile of cisatracurium. Therefore, we attempted to determine whether or not a priming technique with rocuronium or cisatracurium can affect clinical duration or recovery profiles of cisatracurium.

Effects of tidal volume and PEEP on arterial blood gases and pulmonary mechanics during one-lung ventilation.

Purpose: The main problem of one-lung ventilation (OLV) is hypoxemia. The use of a high tidal volume for preventing hypoxemia during OLV is controversial. We compared the effects of a high tidal volume versus a low tidal volume with or without PEEP on arterial oxygen tension (PaO(2)) and pulmonary mechanics during OLV.

Effects of PEEP on the thermoregulatory responses during TIVA in patients undergoing tympanoplasty.

Background: During general anesthesia, core temperature decreases, largely due to heat loss caused by peripheral vasodilation, resulting in heat redistribution to peripheral tissues. Multiple factors contribute to body temperature regulation during general anesthesia. It was reported that baroreceptor unloading by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) attenuates anesthetically-induced hypothermia.

Pneumonia due to aspiration of povidine iodine after induction of general anesthesia -A case report-.

Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. It causes severe pulmonary complications. Povidone iodine was used widely as an oral antiseptic.

Analysis of expert consultation referrals for anesthesia-related issues (December 2008-July 2010): KSA legislation committee report.

Background: Since 2009, database construction of anesthesia-related adverse events has been initiated through the legislation committee of the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists (KSA), based on expert consultation referrals provided by police departments, civil courts, and criminal courts.

Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive analysis of expert consultation referrals on surgical anesthesia-related cases between December 2008 and July 2010.

Results: During the given period, 46 surgical anesthesia-related cases were referred to the KSA legislation committee for expert consultation.

The effects of calcium channel blockers pretreatment on blood potassium level after the administration of succinylcholine in hypertensive patients.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether calcium channel blockers pretreatment increase blood potassium level after the administration of succinylcholine in hypertensive patients.

Methods: Eighty hypertensive patients were randomly divided into four groups: group I (saline, n = 20), group II (nicardipine 30 microg/kg, n = 20), group III (diltiazem 0.2 mg/kg, n = 20), group IV (verapamil 0.

The effects of etomidate on the contraction of pregnant rat uterine smooth muscle.

Background: It has been reported that etomidate has the relaxant effects on vascular, tracheal, and non-pregnant uterine smooth muscle in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relaxant effects of etomidate on the contraction of the pregnant rat uterine smooth muscle.

Methods: Uterine muscle tissues were obtained from pregnant rats (n = 15).

Thermoregulatory responses of sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Core temperature decreases rapidly after the induction of general anesthesia, because the heat is redistributed to peripheral tissues. Thermoregulatory responses of volatile anesthetics have been tested, but their effects have not been directly compared. Therefore, we evaluated the thermoregulatory responses to sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane.

Effect of tramadol on bispectral index during anesthesia with desflurane.

Background: This study is aimed to investigate the effect of tramadol on the bispectral index (BIS) during anesthesia with desflurane.

Methods: One hundred fifty adults, ASA class 1 and 2 patients, scheduled for general anesthesia for elective surgical procedures were included in this study. None of the patients were premedicated and anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and maintained with air-oxygen (FiO2 0.

The effects of intrathecal fentanyl for spinal anesthesia in lower extremity surgery.

Background: Intrathecal opioids in combination with bupivacaine has been shown to provide adequate sensory blockade and early recovery from spinal anesthesia. This study was investigated the added effects of intrathecal fentanyl 10 microgram to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing lower extremity surgery were into three groups.

Is 0.6 mg/kg of succinylcholine adequate for tracheal intubation in Korean?

Background: The usual dose of succinylcholine for tracheal intubation is 1.0 mg/kg. If the patient is not ventilated by face mask after administration of the succinylcholine (1.

Evaluation of interaction between intrathecal adenosine and MK801 or NBQX in a rat formalin pain model.

Adenosine and excitatory amino acids have been known to be involved in modulating nociceptive transmission at the spinal level. The authors assessed the characteristics of the interaction of the adenosine-excitatory amino acid antagonist combinations in the spinal cord of rats on the formalin-induced nociception. Intrathecal NMDA antagonist ((5R, 10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-(5)H-dibenzo[a[,]d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate, MK801, 30 microg) and AMPA antagonist (2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[F]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide, NBQX, 3 microg) decreased the total number of flinches during both phases in the formalin test.

In vivo activity of the potent oxytocin antagonist on uterine activity in the rat.

Oxytocin antagonist (OTA), TT-235, was developed by our group and shown to inhibit either spontaneous or oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in primates. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the duration of TT-235 to block oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in estrous rats. In Experiment 1, the time-response of the three OTAs on uterine contractility was examined.

Development of a radioreceptor assay for measuring an oxytocin antagonist in blood.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a radioreceptor assay to monitor the pharmacokinetics of the oxytocin antagonist, TT-235, in the blood of the pregnant rat and baboon. The receptors used for this assay were prepared from the pregnant rat uterus at delivery. The assay using blood from pregnant rats and baboons was performed on filter plates and analyzed for radioactivity in a gamma counter.