Risk Assessment from Potential Exposure to Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from Its Use in Electronics.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most extensively used brominated flame retardant worldwide, primarily employed reactively in printed circuit boards and additively in plastic housings of electronic equipment. This study systematically evaluates human exposure to TBBPA from electronic devices and characterizes associated risks. A targeted literature review of 55 peer-reviewed studies published over the past 25 years was conducted, focusing on global TBBPA occurrence in environmental media, occupational and residential settings, and biological matrices.

Mode of action analysis for mouse liver tumor formation by MGK-264 and human relevance.

MGK-264, an insecticidal synergist, has been shown to increase the incidence of liver tumors in male and female mice. As MGK-264 is not a genotoxic compound, a series of investigative studies were conducted to elucidate the mode of action (MoA) for liver tumor production by MGK-264. Male and female CD-1 mice were given diets containing MGK-264 at 400, 3000, and 6000 ppm for 7 and/or 14 days.

Perspectives on safety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used to kill pathogenic microbes (including COVID-19), providing a substantial public health benefit. This review is an update to our previous publications that summarized and interpreted the current knowledge of the safety of the two most widely used QACs, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). A literature search was conducted for studies published since 2000 that addressed possible toxicity of ADBAC and DDAC as well as investigations into human exposure.

Mode of action analysis for rat thyroid gland follicular cell tumor formation by MGK-264 and human relevance.

MGK-264 (N-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-norborene-2.3-dicarboximide or N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide), an insecticidal synergist, produced thyroid gland follicular cell (TFC) tumors in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in a carcinogenicity study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible mode of action (MoA) for TFC tumor induction by MGK-264 and its relevance to humans.

Evaluation of potential toxicity of smoke from controlled burns of furnished rooms - effect of flame retardancy.

It has been reported that incorporation of fire retardants into home furnishings and electronics increases the toxicity of smoke produced during combustion in house fires. Studies have been limited to exercises in analytical chemistry but the biological effects of emissions, particularly regarding chronic toxicity, have not been investigated. The combustion of furnishings with and without chemical flame retardants (FR) regarding (1) ignition resistance and fire progression, (2) chemical composition of smoke (analytical chemistry), and (3) toxicity was compared.