Acute-phase proteins as biomarkers of inflammation in HIV patients with latent tuberculosis: a prospective study.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the primary cause of death among individuals infected with HIV, increasing the risk of contracting TB by up to 26 times. This co-infection complicates the diagnosis and treatment of TB, ultimately affecting outcomes adversely. Acute-phase proteins (APPs), markers of inflammation, are significantly elevated during infections and serve as critical indicators of inflammation resulting from infectious diseases.

Triflic acid catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with Fmoc-NH as the amine source.

Intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes is recognized as one of the most challenging synthetic pathways for directly obtaining primary amine derivatives from alkenes. While metal-catalyzed hydroamination is well established, metal-free hydroamination for synthesizing primary amines remains an attractive yet infrequent approach. In this study, we report the hydroamination of vinyl arenes using triflic acid as the catalyst and Fmoc-NH as the amine source.

Determinants of Malaria Vaccine Acceptance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Awareness, Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Willingness to Pay.

Background: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains a major global health issue, with 263 million cases and 597,000 deaths in 2023, primarily affecting young children and pregnant women. This review evaluates awareness, acceptance, hesitancy, and willingness to pay (WTP) for the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine, along with the key factors influencing these outcomes.

Bone microarchitecture using HR-pQCT in adult patients with renal tubular acidosis presenting with rickets/osteomalacia.

Unlabelled: Adults with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) show high bone turnover, reduced trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and compromised bone microarchitecture, especially in trabecular bone. HR-pQCT analysis reveals lower total vBMD, reduced trabecular number, increased separation, and cortical thinning, highlighting bone deterioration in RTA patients compared to controls.

Background: Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) impairs urinary acidification, leading to a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis and often hypokalemia.

Quality of Life of Lower Limb Lymphatic Filariasis Patients in a North Indian Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Observational Study.

This observational study was carried out at a tertiary care facility in North India. A total of 154 patients with different degrees of lymphedema and clinically diagnosed lower limb lymphatic filariasis (LF; ages 15-75 years) were included. Seven dimensions of quality of life (QoL) were assessed using the Lymphatic Filariasis Specific Quality-of-life Questionnaire (LFSQQ; higher scores indicate a better overall QoL).

Effectiveness of interventions to improve vaccine efficacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vaccination is a crucial public health intervention that has significantly reduced the incidence of infectious diseases. Vaccine-related interventions refer to strategies implemented to enhance vaccination uptake, coverage, and effectiveness, like modes of delivery, types or dosages. Despite extensive research on vaccine efficacy, a comprehensive analysis of the variability in vaccine effectiveness across different interventions, settings, and populations is limited.

Speckle-tracking echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease due to shared risk factors and its impact on the cardiopulmonary vasculature. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is an effective tool for identifying subclinical, COPD-associated right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction before conventional echocardiography can detect it. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on STE in COPD are presented.

Prognostic Implications of Concurrent Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Invasive Breast Cancer: an Observational Nested Cohort Study from a Regional Cancer Center in India.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is not an obligate precursor to invasive breast cancer and can exhibit variations in clinical presentation, genetics, biomarkers, and morphological features. There are contrasting views in literature with regard to prognostic significance of DCIS component in invasive cancer. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate how the co-occurrence of DCIS affects the prognosis of people with invasive breast cancer (IBC).

Performance evaluation of machine learning techniques in surface morphology and corrosion prediction for A286 3D printed micro-lattice structures.

The development of lightweight, corrosion-resistant metallic lattice structures has gained significant attention in aerospace, defense, and structural applications, where material durability and weight optimization are critical. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-fabricated A286 steel honeycomb, Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), and gyroid lattices, comparing their performance against conventional materials such as Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA), Maraging High Strength Steel (MHA), and High-Nitrogen Steel (HNS). Corrosion testing was conducted using accelerated salt spray exposure, and the results were validated through computed tomography (CT)-based structural integrity analysis and machine learning-based predictive modeling.

Development of a machine learning model to classify polycystic ovarian syndrome.

BackgroundOne of the main causes of infertility among women nowadays is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS. A decision support strategy for supporting medical specialists through PCOS monitoring is presented in the suggested work. A feature selection model that is based on wrapper categorization is used in this work.

Dental fear and perceived oral health importance: A mediation analysis of courage as virtue.

The impact of dental fear on the perceived importance of oral health is of interest to dentists. Hence, 100 participants with clinical diagnoses of dental caries and periodontal/gingival diseases were assessed. The dental fear survey comprised 20 items in the questionnaire addressing the different situations, associated feelings and reactions related to dental treatment.

The Effect of Lockdown on Physiological Parameters of Sleep, Diet, Bowel Movement, Physical Activity, and Menstrual Cycle of Individuals Residing in Northeast India.

Background Lockdown is a state of confinement that results in changes to the environmental factors that otherwise help entrain to circadian rhythm, and hence the need arises to understand the changes to various physiological factors during lockdown. Methodology A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted using snowball sampling, including people residing in Northeast India. A chi-square test was applied for the association between variables.

Broadening Diagnostic Horizons: Specificity of Serial Negative CRPs in Predicting Blood Culture Negativity in Suspected Neonatal Sepsis.

Background Neonatal sepsis is a root cause, among others, of mortality and morbidity among neonates in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Blood culture remains the gold standard diagnostic tool in diagnosing sepsis; however, it may take 48 to 72 hours to be reported negative. Hence, there is a demand for a quicker alternative to blood cultures.

Advancements in understanding and treating psoriasis: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions worldwide. This condition is characterized by scaly, red patches of skin that can be painful, itchy, and disfiguring. This non-contagious illness forms plaques and accelerates the dermal cell's life cycle.

Hands-free radiographic canine hip distraction view with applied force monitoring.

Background: Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a prevalent orthopedic disorder in dogs, primarily characterized by hip joint laxity, which may lead to osteoarthritis and mobility impairments. Radiographic assessment, using the distraction view (DV) is considered the gold standard for evaluating hip laxity (HL). Veterinary professionals should take precautions to reduce exposure to ionizing radiation and its harmful effects.

Systematic Literature Review on the Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Related Diseases in India.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases pose public health concerns for both genders, yet their understanding remains limited in India. This review outlines HPV incidence and prevalence, genotype distribution, and attribution rates across different HPV-related disease types. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify observational studies on individuals aged 15 years and older, and a total of 3702 publications were identified.

How city living affects mental health-a qualitative exploration of urban stressors among adults in a megacity in India.

Background: India's rapid urbanization presents both opportunities and challenges, offering better healthcare and infrastructure while also impacting physical and mental health. The reasons behind the higher prevalence of mental health issues in urban areas remain underexplored, particularly in the Indian context. This study seeks to fill that gap by examining urban stressors in an Indian megacity, aiming to inform urban planning and enhance mental well-being.

A Rare Case Report of Neurodegenerative Disease With Oro-Dental Trauma.

Batten disease, also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjögren-Batten disease, is a rare and deadly autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. It is the most prevalent type among a group of diseases known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs).  The patient, a 31-year-old woman, presented to the Oral Medicine and Radiology Department with the primary complaint of knocking out her upper front teeth after she had suffered a seizure and fell out of bed onto the floor.

Influence of zirconium carbide particles on the mechanical characteristics of heat treated Al7475 alloy.

Aluminium alloys exhibits excellent properties and therefore they are used broadly in automobile, aviation, and defence sectors. The studies on the effect of zirconium carbide (ZrC) particulates on the mechanical properties of heat-treated stir-cast Al7475 alloy are still in the initial stage. Hence, the present study is aimed at the study of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of as-stir-cast and heat-treated stir-cast Al7475-ZrC composites.

Protocol for nationwide surveillance of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in a network of tertiary care hospitals in India.

Background: Advances in laboratory diagnostics have greatly enhanced the understanding of the infectious aetiologies of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) globally. However, these diagnostic tests are not widely utilized in many public-sector clinical settings in India. Significant gaps thus remain in the knowledge and understanding of the burden, etiological spectrum, and risk factors associated with AES occurring in India.

In Vitro Pharmacological Activity of austwickii isolated from the Leaves of .

Diabetes mellitus is a widely occurring non-communicable disease that is rapidly spreading worldwide. It results from the dysregulation of glucose in the bloodstream or the improper functioning of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Endophytes are microorganisms that reside symbiotically within the living tissues of plants.

Microzooplankton community dynamics under ocean acidification: key observations and insights.

Microzooplankton (MZP) community dynamics under ocean acidification were studied through pH manipulated microcosm experiments conducted in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal (off Vishakhapatnam) during the months of July and October 2022 (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2). The total abundance of phytoplankton and microzooplankton (MZP) communities was varied from 3.66 × 10 to 5.

Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanism and Treatment Strategies with a Special Focus on Angiogenesis.

Due to the numerous comorbidities associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications of poor wound healing, persistent ulceration, and subsequent limb amputation, DM is becoming a major global health concern. The need for research attention increases due to delayed and compromised healing. We provide an overview of the latest developments in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds in this review, with a particular emphasis on impaired angiogenesis, suboptimal chronic inflammatory response, and barrier disruption.