Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress.

To surpass challenges with traditional approaches to treat Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an improved understanding of molecular-level pathogenesis brought forth targeted therapy with biologics as a great promise in halting the progression of RA. Novel biologics are being designed with the help of synthetic fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and protein fragments, with or without drugs, to target various signaling pathways, including TNF-α, IL-6, JAK, Th-17, IL-family, GM-CSF, B-cell, and T-cell signaling. The journey of biologics in RA management began in 1998 with etanercept (Enbrel).

Lipidic Nanosystem as State-of-the-Art Nanovehicle for Biomedical Applications.

Unlabelled: Lipids have tremendously transformed the biomedical field, especially in the last few decades. Nanosystems, especially Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), have emerged as the most demanding nanovehicle systems for delivering drugs, genes, and other diagnostic agents. Unique attributes and characteristic features such as higher encapsulation efficiency, stealth effect, ability to solubilize a wide range of drugs, capability to inhibit P-gp efflux pumps, and higher stability play a vital role in engaging this nanosystem.