The natural history of infection with Sudan virus compared to Ebola virus in non-human primates: a rapid review.

Uganda recently declared the end of its sixth Sudan virus (SUDV) outbreak; the prior outbreak having ended just two years earlier. Efficacious vaccines are licensed for protection against Ebola virus (EBOV), but there is no evidence that these afford clinical protection against other orthoebolaviruses. While EBOV has been extensively characterized in humans and animal models, the evidence base for SUDV is more limited due to the lower frequency of outbreaks and cases to date.

Reference genes validation in tear fluid for RNA analysis in ocular surface disease.

Proper normalization of gene expression data is essential for detecting early molecular alterations in eye disorders. In this study, we assessed seven potential reference genes (18S, RER1, ACTB, GAPDH, PGK1, UBC, and AP3D1) in tear fluid collected from individuals with dry eye disease and glaucoma patients using benzalkonium-preserved topical medications, as well as from healthy controls. Utilizing various stability analysis methods (geNorm, NormFinder, comparative ∆CT method, BestKeeper, and RefFinder), we determined that 18S, RER1, and ACTB were the most stable reference genes, while UBC and AP3D1 displayed significant variability.

Gum Arabic-protein coacervation: Recent advances for improved functionality and food applications.

Gum Arabic (GA), a safe dietary fiber known for its ability to modulate healthy gut microbiota and biocompatibility, is highly intriguing for coacervation with several classes of proteins. Coacervation between GA and proteins has gained significant interest for a range of food applications, particularly for encapsulation, emulsification, thermal stability, and sustained release of bioactive compounds. To date, the optimization process has preliminarily focused on pH and the biopolymer ratio.

Improving clinical decision support through interpretable machine learning and error handling in electronic health records.

Objective: To develop an electronic medical record (EMR) data processing tool that confers clinical context to machine learning (ML) algorithms for error handling, bias mitigation, and interpretability.

Materials And Methods: We present Trust-MAPS, an algorithm that translates clinical domain knowledge into high-dimensional, mixed-integer programming models that capture physiological and biological constraints on clinical measurements. EMR data are projected onto this constrained space, effectively bringing outliers to fall within a physiologically feasible range.

A performance-driven hybrid text-image classification model for multimodal data.

Deep learning is transformed by a hybrid model combining text and image processing in a transforming approach to categorization chores. It addresses multi-type data-that which combines text and visual data. The HTIC model is presented in this work along with text and image categorization.

Preclinical development of a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based Lassa virus vaccine candidate advanced into human clinical trials.

Background: Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic haemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which is endemic in West African countries. The multimammate rat is the main animal reservoir and its geographic range is expected to expand due to influences like climate change and land usage, and this will place larger parts of Africa at risk. We conducted preclinical development on a promising experimental vaccine that allowed its advancement into human trials.

Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies Among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional study.

Introduction:  Congenital anomalies are a major health problem and are responsible for a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality in newborns. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence and type of congenital anomalies along with the presence of factors responsible for their development among antenatal women and pregnancies delivered at Kathmandu Medical College.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of nine months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu Medical College.

Unusual Presentation of Metachronous Multicentric Giant Cell Tumor of Forearm Bones with Literature Review.

Case: We present an unusual case of metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor (GCT) of forearm bones in a 38-year-old male patient with an 8-year follow-up. The diagnosis was established by imaging and histopathology. He underwent multiple surgeries with extraperiosteal resection of lesions with free fibular grafts.

Chemical Targeting of Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Stalls Ovarian Development and Kills Malaria Vectors.

Background: Along with rising resistance to antimalarials, the emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquito species remains a serious concern. Here, we reveal 2 potent compounds that show larvicidal and endectocidal activity against malaria vectors Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi.

Methods: We investigated the larvicidal activity of 2 inhibitors against III instar larvae of A culicifacies.

Expanding Conjugate Space of RNAi Therapeutics: Ligand at the 3' End of the Antisense Strand Achieves Uncompromised In Vivo Potency and Efficacy and Reveals Interactions with the Argonaute-2 PAZ Domain.

The conjugation of the sense strands of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tri--acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), the ligand for a hepatocyte-specific receptor, enables the delivery of multiple clinically approved therapeutic agents that act through the RNA interference pathway. Here, we report the systematic evaluation of siRNAs with the 3' termini of antisense strands conjugated to GalNAc for the first time. These designs retained the same receptor affinity, in vitro and in vivo activities, as well as the same level of loading into the RNA-induced silencing complex as siRNAs with a GalNAc-conjugated sense strand.

2024 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Evolution of Immunogenicity Assessment beyond ADA/NAb; Regulated Genomic/NGS Assays; Hypersensitivity Reactions; Minimum Noise Reduction; False Positive Range; Modernized Vaccine Approaches; NAb/TAb Correlation - Recommendations on Advanced Strategies for Molecular Assays and Immunogenicity of Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccine; Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity Assessment & Clinical Relevance - Regulatory Agencies' Input on Immunogenicity/Technologies of Biotherapeutics, Gene, Cell & Vaccine Therapies).

The 18 Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (18 WRIB) took place in San Antonio, TX, USA on May 6-10, 2024. Over 1100 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 18 WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.

Comparative evaluation of bone density after implant placement using cone-beam CT analysis in augmented versus non-augmented.

Introduction: Dental implants are the most popular alternative to rehabilitation of missing teeth and oro-facial structures. The outcome of such procedures depends on various factors and most-importantly on the osseo-integation with the surrounding bone. The evaluation needs better visualization and evaluation using CBCT anaylsis and determination of HU, using an appropriate software.

"Does advanced imaging improve the reliability of 2018 AO/OTA classification for trochanteric femoral fractures?".

Background: The influence of advanced imaging modalities on the reliability of 2018 AO/OTA classification and detection of features contributing to fracture instability have not been adequately studied in the literature.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted to assess the reliability of 2018 AO/OTA classification for trochanteric femoral fractures, and features of instability in 50 patients using radiographs, multiplanar reformats (MPR), and 3D-reconstruction with fracture segmentation (3DR-FS) by 3 observers on 2 occasions at an interval of 4 weeks.

Results: Mean inter-observer reliabilities on radiographs, MPR, 3DR-FS were 0.

Isolated Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of Calcaneus in an Immune-Competent Adult Patient With Literature Review: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of isolated tuberculous osteomyelitis of the calcaneus in an immune-competent adult patient with a 5-year follow-up. The diagnosis was established by core needle aspiration and biopsy. He was treated with antituberculous chemotherapy and immobilization.

Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Filoviruses with Outbreak Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review to Inform Vaccine Development and Deployment.

: Orthoebolaviruses and orthomarburgviruses are filoviruses that can cause viral hemorrhagic fever and significant morbidity and mortality in humans. The evaluation and deployment of vaccines to prevent and control Ebola and Marburg outbreaks must be informed by an understanding of the transmission and natural history of the causative infections, but little is known about the burden of asymptomatic infection or undiagnosed disease. This systematic review of the published literature examined the seroprevalence of antibodies to orthoebolaviruses and orthomarburgviruses in sub-Saharan Africa.

Structural and functional characterization of genes and enzymes involved in withanolide biosynthesis in Physalis alkekengi L.

Physalis alkekengi L. is recognized as a significant source of various secondary metabolites, particularly C steroidal lactones known as withanolides and physalins, renowned for their therapeutic properties with a rich history in traditional medicine. In this study, we characterized the sequences of key downstream genes (PaFPPS, PaSQS, PaSQE, PaCAS, PaHYD1, and PaDWF5-1) involved in the biosynthesis of withanolides, marking the first characterization of these genes in P.

Application of calcium sulfate as graft material in implantology and maxillofacial procedures: A review of literature.

Calcium sulphate (plaster of Paris) has been used since 1892 to fill bone defects and as a good bone graft substitute. Calcium sulphate is an osteoconductive, inorganic substance. Following 75 years, many other authors reported variable and a better result in grafting of bone defects and in several cases of immediate and delayed dental implants for good osseointegrations, with no complications attributed to the calcium sulphate.

Association Between Clinical Severity, Neuroimaging, and Electroencephalographic Findings in Children with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.

Background: Children diagnosed with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) display a range of neuroimaging abnormalities during different stages of the disease, but their exact clinical significance remains unclear.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, our objective was to examine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the brains of patients aged 18 years or younger with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. We aimed to correlate these MRI abnormalities with clinical severity, sociodemographic variables, electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities, and cerebrospinal anti-measles antibody titers.

Peri-operative Replacement of Exogenous Steroids (PREdS): a national audit of current peri-operative prescribing for patients taking therapeutic steroids.

Introduction: Approximately 1% of the UK population take oral corticosteroids for ≥ 28 days each year, for broadly two reasons: deficiency in corticosteroid requiring replacement; or therapeutic corticosteroid for inflammatory conditions. Acute deficiency can occur at times of physiological stress (e.g.

Utilizing RNA-seq Data to Infer Bacterial Transcription Termination Sites and Validate Predictions.

The transcription termination process is an important part of the gene expression process in the cell. It has been studied extensively, but many aspects of the mechanism are not well understood. The widespread availability of experimental RNA-seq data from high-throughput experiments provides a unique opportunity to infer the end of the transcription units genome wide.