Management of Patients With COVID-19 During the Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in Mumbai, India.

Introduction: We conducted the present analysis to understand the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection and the factors associated with mortality over the one-and-a-half years of the pandemic in Mumbai, India.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 3561 COVID-19 patients admitted to a private tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The main outcome variable for analysis was death (yes/no).

Focused Insights into Liposomal Nanotherapeutics for Antimicrobial Treatment.

Addressing infectious conditions presents a formidable challenge, primarily due to the escalating issue of bacterial resistance. This, coupled with limited financial resources and stagnant antibiotic research, compounds the antibiotic crisis. Innovative strategies, including novel antibiotic development and alternative solutions, are crucial to combat microbial resistance.

TREM1 disrupts myeloid bioenergetics and cognitive function in aging and Alzheimer disease mouse models.

Human genetics implicate defective myeloid responses in the development of late-onset Alzheimer disease. A decline in peripheral and brain myeloid metabolism, triggering maladaptive immune responses, is a feature of aging. The role of TREM1, a pro-inflammatory factor, in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear.

State Cannabis Legalization and Psychosis-Related Health Care Utilization.

Importance: Psychosis is a hypothesized consequence of cannabis use. Legalization of cannabis could therefore be associated with an increase in rates of health care utilization for psychosis.

Objective: To evaluate the association of state medical and recreational cannabis laws and commercialization with rates of psychosis-related health care utilization.

Liposomes as Versatile Platform for Cancer Theranostics: Therapy, Bio-imaging, and Toxicological Aspects.

Liposomes are nano-sized formulations having the benefits of site-specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which make them useful for the therapy and diagnosis of major diseases like cancer. In this review, various synthetic strategies of liposomes and their biomedical application in special concern to cancer are discussed. In context to the biomedical application, this article gives a detailed insight into subcellular targeted therapy and several therapeutic modifications like immunotherapy, receptor-based therapy, phototherapy, and combination therapy.

Guidelines for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Joint Indian Chest Society/National College of chest physicians (I)/Indian association for bronchology recommendations.

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. However, bronchoscopy practices vary widely across India and worldwide. The three major respiratory organizations of the country supported a national-level expert group that formulated a comprehensive guideline document for FB based on a detailed appraisal of available evidence.

Randomized Controlled Trials in Functional Neurosurgery-Association of Device Approval Status and Trial Quality.

Introduction: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been critical in evaluating the safety and efficacy of functional neurosurgery interventions. Given this, we sought to systematically assess the quality of functional neurosurgery RCTs.

Methods: We used a database of neurosurgical RCTs (trials published from 1961 to 2016) to identify studies of functional neurosurgical procedures (N = 48).

Peripheral TREM1 responses to brain and intestinal immunogens amplify stroke severity.

Stroke is a multiphasic process in which initial cerebral ischemia is followed by secondary injury from immune responses to ischemic brain components. Here we demonstrate that peripheral CD11bCD45 myeloid cells magnify stroke injury via activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), an amplifier of proinflammatory innate immune responses. TREM1 was induced within hours after stroke peripherally in CD11bCD45 cells trafficking to ischemic brain.

Surgical outcomes of pediatric spinal cord astrocytomas: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Pediatric spinal astrocytomas are rare spinal lesions that pose unique management challenges. Therapeutic options include gross-total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. With no randomized controlled trials, the optimal management approach for children with spinal astrocytomas remains unclear.

Brainstem Dose Constraints in Nonisometric Radiosurgical Treatment Planning of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Single-Institution Experience.

Background: CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) administers nonisometric, conformational high-dose radiation to the trigeminal nerve with risk of subsequent hypoesthesia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-institution review of 66 patients with TGN treated with CyberKnife SRS to compare outcomes from 2 distinct treatment periods: standard dosing (n = 38) and reduced dosing (n = 28). Standard and reduced dosing permitted a maximum brainstem dose of 45 Gy and 25 Gy, respectively, each with a prescription dose of 60 Gy.

Diagnosis and treatment options for sequelae following radiation treatment of brain tumors.

Radiation serves an important role in the treatment of metastatic and primary brain tumors. Radiation carries a risk of post radiation treatment effects, such as pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis. The ability to differentiate between radiation necrosis, pseudoprogression, and tumor recurrence remains a diagnostic conundrum with varying treatment options.

Electrical preconditioning of stem cells with a conductive polymer scaffold enhances stroke recovery.

Exogenous human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) are promising stroke therapeutics, but optimal delivery conditions and exact recovery mechanisms remain elusive. To further elucidate repair processes and improve stroke outcomes, we developed an electrically conductive, polymer scaffold for hNPC delivery. Electrical stimulation of hNPCs alters their transcriptome including changes to the VEGF-A pathway and genes involved in cell survival, inflammatory response, and synaptic remodeling.

Sclerosing liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum: An unusual case.

Liposarcomas are extremely rare in the mediastinum. Patients usually present late due to the compressive effect of the tumor on the adjacent structures. Severity of the symptoms depend mainly on the size of the tumor and the structure it infiltrates.

Mouse models rarely mimic the transcriptome of human neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic bioinformatics-based critique of preclinical models.

Translational research for neurodegenerative disease depends intimately upon animal models. Unfortunately, promising therapies developed using mouse models mostly fail in clinical trials, highlighting uncertainty about how well mouse models mimic human neurodegenerative disease at the molecular level. We compared the transcriptional signature of neurodegeneration in mouse models of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD), Parkinson׳s disease (PD), Huntington׳s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to human disease.

SYK is a critical regulator of FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia.

Cooperative dependencies between mutant oncoproteins and wild-type proteins are critical in cancer pathogenesis and therapy resistance. Although spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has been implicated in hematologic malignancies, it is rarely mutated. We used kinase activity profiling to identify collaborators of SYK in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and determined that FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is transactivated by SYK via direct binding.