Multimodality imaging review of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare fibroinflammatory disease with idiopathic and secondary causes. Idiopathic disease is more common and is believed to be immune mediated; associations with autoimmune diseases and/or inflammatory disorders such as IgG4 related disease are often present. Common complications include hydronephrosis and venous stenosis and/or thrombosis.

Perioperative Modified FOLFIRINOX for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant tumor, and durable disease control is rare with the current standard of care, even for patients who undergo surgical resection.

Objective: To assess whether neoadjuvant modified 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (mFOLFIRINOX) leads to early control of micrometastasis and improves survival.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, single-arm, phase 2 nonrandomized controlled trial for resectable PDAC was conducted at the Yale Smilow Cancer Hospital from April 3, 2014, to August 16, 2021.

Multimodality pictorial review of IgG4-related disease in the abdomen and pelvis.

Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated disease that can affect multiple organs, including the orbits, salivary glands, thyroid gland, lungs, aorta, pancreas, bile ducts, lymph nodes, and retroperitoneum. While timely diagnosis is particularly important given the efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment for IgG4-RD, accurate recognition can prove a challenge given the overlap between the imaging features of this disease and other entities.

Purpose: After a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical considerations (including treatment) associated with IgG4-RD, this pictorial review will showcase the variable imaging manifestations of this disease in the abdomen and pelvis.

Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP).

Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13).

Vitamin D3 Supplemental Treatment for Mania in Youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of an open-label 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation on manic symptoms, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in youth exhibiting symptoms of mania; that is, patients with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). We hypothesized that an 8 week Vitamin D3 supplementation would improve symptoms of mania, decrease ACC glutamate, and increase ACC GABA in BSD patients. Single time point metabolite levels were also evaluated in typically developing children (TD).

A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.

Sports-related concussions are currently diagnosed through multi-domain assessment by a medical professional and may utilize neurocognitive testing as an aid. However, these tests have only been able to detect differences in the days to week post-concussion. Here, we investigate a measure of brain function, namely resting state functional connectivity, which may detect residual brain differences in the weeks to months after concussion.

Areas of the brain modulated by single-dose methylphenidate treatment in youth with ADHD during task-based fMRI: a systematic review.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder affecting 5% of children. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a common medication for ADHD. Studies examining MPH's effect on pediatric ADHD patients' brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have not been compiled.

Characterization and fate of telomerase-expressing epithelia during kidney repair.

After acute kidney injury, mice with short telomeres develop increased damage with reduced proliferative capacity, which suggests an important role for telomere length in kidney repair. The enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) regulates telomere length; embryonic stem cells and certain adult stem cells express mTert, but whether cells in the adult kidney express mTert and whether these cells play a role in renal repair are unknown. Here, we found that telomerase protein and mRNA were highly enriched in renal papilla, a proposed niche of kidney stem cells.

Fluctuations in total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels of follicular fluid during bovine folliculogenesis.

Follicular fluid is an important environment for oocyte development, yet current knowledge regarding its in vivo oxidant and antioxidant levels remains limited. Examining follicular fluid oxidants and antioxidants will improve understanding of their changes in vivo and contribute to optimisation of in vitro maturation conditions. The aim of the present study was to consider selected markers, namely catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in follicular fluid samples (n = 503) originating from bovine antral follicles.

Repair of injured proximal tubule does not involve specialized progenitors.

Recently we have established that the kidney tubular epithelium is repaired by surviving epithelial cells. It is not known, however, whether a population of intratubular adult progenitor cells are responsible for this epithelial repair after acute kidney injury. In this study, we used an unbiased DNA analog-based approach that does not rely on candidate markers to track multiple rounds of cell division in vivo.