Manifesting p-d Orbital Hybridization Through Strategic D-Band Engineering: A Pathway to Boosted Bifunctional HER/OER Electrochemical Performance in Self-Templated Co-SnO Grown Over Co-SnS Nanosheets.

In this study, Co-doped SnO is synthesized atop the hexagonal CoS template (CoSS) via direct air calcination of as-synthesized Co-doped SnS (CoS) nanosheets. The structural evolution facilitated the emergence of Co and Co states, complemented by surface-adsorbed sulfur oxyanions (SO , HSO , SO ). CoSS deposited over carbon cloth (CoSS/CC) exhibited superior bifunctional HER and OER, demonstrating higher stability and efficiency than their CoS/CC counterparts.