Race, Ethnicity, Insurance Payer, and Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Survival.

Importance: Lower survival rates among Black adults relative to White adults after in-hospital cardiac arrest are well-described, but these findings have not been consistently replicated in pediatric studies.

Objective: To use a large, national, population-based inpatient database to evaluate the associations between in-hospital mortality in children receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and patient race or ethnicity, patient insurance status, and the treating hospital's proportion of Black and publicly insured patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective population-based cohort study used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (1997-2019 triennial versions).

Fighting fire with fire: Prebunking with the use of a plausible meta-conspiracy framing.

Prebunking can be used to pre-emptively refute conspiracy narratives. We developed a new approach to prebunking - fighting fire with fire - which introduces a plausible 'meta-conspiracy' suggesting that conspiracy theories are deliberately spread as part of a wider conspiracy. In two preregistered intervention studies, prebunking specific COVID-19 vaccine (Study 1, N = 720) and climate change (Study 2, N = 1077) conspiracy theories (e.

The role of the 3'-UTR of the chemokine receptor CCR2 and hnRNPA0 in regulating mRNA stability and subcellular distribution in human CD4 T cells.

Introduction: CCR2, a chemokine receptor critical for immune cell migration, inflammation, and HIV infection, is regulated by poorly understood mechanisms.

Methods: This study investigated the unusually long CCR2 3'-UTR's role in post-transcriptional regulation.

Results: The full-length 3'-UTR significantly inhibited reporter gene expression in primary CD4+ T cells and macrophages, likely mediated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs).

Development of a Novel Cardiac Arrest Ventilation Rate Metronome: A Human Factors and Implementation Science Mixed-Methods Approach.

Objectives: Excessive ventilation adversely affects cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) hemodynamics and outcomes. Pediatric providers rarely achieve guideline-recommended CPR ventilation rates. We aimed to use human factors engineering to design a metronome to improve compliance with recommended CPR ventilation rates.

Epinephrine Before Defibrillation in Children With Initially Shockable In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Objective: Assess prevalence of epinephrine before or during the same minute as defibrillation and association with clinical outcomes in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: We used 2000-2020 data from the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation Registry.

A framework for clinical care pathway renewal: an example from inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Clinical care pathways (CCPs) contribute to standardized, high-quality care and reduce variation in healthcare delivery. However, CCPs must be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. In the literature, the development and implementation of CCPs is well described, but there is little to guide the process for renewal of CCPs as new evidence becomes available.

Maturation of human cardiac organoids enables complex disease modeling and drug discovery.

Maturation of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes is critical for their use as a model system. Here we mimic human heart maturation pathways in the setting of hPS cell-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs). Specifically, transient activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and estrogen-related receptor enhanced cardiomyocyte maturation, inducing expression of mature sarcomeric and oxidative phosphorylation proteins, and increasing metabolic capacity.

Outcomes, Characteristics, and Physiology of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children With Sepsis.

Objectives: Prearrest sepsis has been associated with particularly poor outcomes among children who suffer in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), but there is a paucity of dedicated studies on the topic. In this study of children receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the ICU, our objective was to determine the associations of sepsis with IHCA outcomes and intraarrest physiology.

Design: Prospectively designed secondary analysis of the ICU Resuscitation Project clinical trial (NCT02837497).

Diagnostic genomic analysis is prognostic in AYA patients with ALL treated on an MRD-stratified pediatric protocol.

Next-generation sequencing has enabled classification of multiple new recurrent genomic drivers of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We aimed to describe the genomic drivers of ALL in an adolescent and young adult (AYA) cohort (ALL06; target age, 15-39 years; recruited age, 16.6-39 years), treated uniformly on a pediatric-inspired protocol (the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group ALL06 study).

Novel drug targets for the early treatment of acute pancreatitis: Focusing on calcium signaling.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common but potentially devastating disease characterized at onset pathophysiologically by premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas. Despite an abundance of preclinical research and, until recently, a series of disappointing clinical trials, no specific disease modifying pharmacological treatment has yet been approved for this condition. Recent novel approaches to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of AP provide us with renewed optimism for translational drug discovery.

Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019.

Consumption of contaminated food, especially seafood, is a key source of human perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure. Here, we examine the occurrence of PFAS in shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), and seven other sport fish from San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.

Revision for initial periprosthetic femur fracture increases likelihood of subsequent fracture in total hip arthroplasty.

Background: Although a rare complication, periprosthetic fractures (PPF) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are becoming more common. Revision THA (rTHA) for PPF is associated with high failure rates, and there is a paucity of literature reporting how often there is a subsequent PPF in these patients. This study aimed to determine the rate of femoral re-fracture following rTHA in patients with an initial PPF after primary THA.

Cell-based high-content approach for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization identifies unique monoclonal antibodies and PI3K pathway inhibitors.

The sudden rise of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the delay in development of effective therapeutics for mitigation made evident a need for ways to screen compounds that can block infection and prevent further pathogenesis and spread. However, identifying effective drugs that are efficacious against viral infection and replication with minimal toxicity for the patient can be difficult. Monoclonal antibodies were shown to be effective, but as the SARS-CoV-2 mutated, these antibodies became ineffective.

Association of Early Epinephrine with Hemodynamics and Outcome in Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter, Cluster-randomized Clinical Trial Intensive Care Unit Resuscitation (ICU-RESUS).

Delayed (>5 minutes) epinephrine during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is associated with worse outcomes. Epinephrine is nearly always given earlier, limiting 5 minutes as a quality target. To assess early epinephrine administration (⩽2 minutes) on outcomes and hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric IHCA from pulseless, nonshockable rhythms.

Comparative analysis of natural language processing methodologies for classifying computed tomography enterography reports in Crohn's disease patients.

Imaging is crucial to assess disease extent, activity, and outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Artificial intelligence (AI) image interpretation requires automated exploitation of studies at scale as an initial step. Here we evaluate natural language processing to classify Crohn's disease (CD) on CTE.

'Transient immediate orthostatic hypotension' is preferable to 'initial' orthostatic hypotension.

A drop of systemic blood pressure (BP) occurring shortly after individuals move from supine or seated position to upright posture with subsequent prompt spontaneous resolution is a common physiological occurrence in humans. If the induced hypotension is severe, lightheadedness or postural instability leading to falls and injury may occur. By consensus, a transient systolic BP drop >40 mmHg within 15 s of standing is deemed abnormal and has become termed 'initial orthostatic hypotension' (initial OH, iOH).

Belatacept as an alternative immunosuppressive agent for bone marrow-sparing in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung transplant recipients with short telomeres.

As we have previously shown, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung transplant recipients (IPF-LTRs) with short-telomere length are prone to develop significant cytopenias and poor tolerance to cell-cycle inhibitors, specifically mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), post transplant. We investigated the use of belatacept as an alternative immunosuppressive agent in a prospective, open-label cohort of 9 ST-IPF-LTRs at our institution. These patients were either challenged with MMF (majority) or immediately started on belatacept post transplant with the goal to bridge to everolimus, an mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that is commonly used post transplant.

Race is not associated with medical emergency team evaluation prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Black patients have worse outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Whether these racial disparities are associated with medical emergency team (MET) evaluation prior to IHCA remains unknown.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults age ≥ 18 years from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines® Resuscitation registry who had an IHCA between 2000 and 2021 with acute physiologic decline (modified early warning score [MEWS] ≥ 3) during the 24 h prior to IHCA.

Evaluation of coronary perfusion pressure and diastolic blood pressure calculation methods in a swine model of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Introduction: Measurement of coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is important for titration of physiologic-directed CPR. However, agreement between different calculation methods and their relative performance as outcome discriminators are not well established.

Methods: Four calculation methods, differentiated by sampling technique, were retrospectively applied to pressure waveforms from piglet CPR: late diastole (CoPP, DBP), mid-diastole (CoPP, DBP), diastolic minimum (CoPP, DBP), and diastolic mean (CoPP, DBP).