Soil and forest floor respiration already acclimated to increasing temperatures in a mixed deciduous forest.

Background: Forest ecosystems are in the spotlight for their potential to mitigate anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) emissions through net photosynthesis. However, this mitigation potential can be counteracted by respiratory losses, e.g.

Conceptualising morally permissible risk imposition without quantified individual risks.

We frequently engage in activities that impose a risk of serious harm on innocent others in order to realise trivial benefits for ourselves or third parties. Many moral theories tie the evidence-relative permissibility of engaging in such activities to the . I argue that we should move away from such a reliance on when conceptualising morally permissible risk imposition.

Physiological response of Swiss ecosystems to 2018 drought across plant types and elevation.

Using five eddy covariance flux sites (two forests and three grasslands), we investigated ecosystem physiological responses to the 2018 drought across elevational gradients in Switzerland. Flux measurements showed that at lower elevation sites (below 1000 m.a.

Effects of plant productivity and species richness on the drought response of soil respiration in temperate grasslands.

Soil respiration plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling. While the response of soil respiration to abiotic drivers like soil temperature and moisture is fairly well understood, less is known about the effects of biotic drivers, such as plant above- and belowground productivity or plant diversity, and their interactions with abiotic drivers on soil respiration. Thus, current predictions of soil respiration to summer droughts might miss relevant biological drivers and their interactions with abiotic drivers.

Greenhouse gas fluxes over managed grasslands in Central Europe.

Central European grasslands are characterized by a wide range of different management practices in close geographical proximity. Site-specific management strategies strongly affect the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of the three greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO ), nitrous oxide (N O), and methane (CH ). The evaluation of environmental impacts at site level is challenging, because most in situ measurements focus on the quantification of CO exchange, while long-term N O and CH flux measurements at ecosystem scale remain scarce.

No shift to a deeper water uptake depth in response to summer drought of two lowland and sub-alpine C₃-grasslands in Switzerland.

Temperate C3-grasslands are of high agricultural and ecological importance in Central Europe. Plant growth and consequently grassland yields depend strongly on water supply during the growing season, which is projected to change in the future. We therefore investigated the effect of summer drought on the water uptake of an intensively managed lowland and an extensively managed sub-alpine grassland in Switzerland.

The effect of physical back-diffusion of 13CO2 tracer on the coupling between photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux in grassland.

Pulse labelling experiments provide a common tool to study short-term processes in the plant-soil system and investigate below-ground carbon allocation as well as the coupling of soil CO(2) efflux to photosynthesis. During the first hours after pulse labelling, the measured isotopic signal of soil CO(2) efflux is a combination of both physical tracer diffusion into and out of the soil as well as biological tracer release via root and microbial respiration. Neglecting physical back-diffusion can lead to misinterpretation regarding time lags between photosynthesis and soil CO(2) efflux in grassland or any ecosystem type where the above-ground plant parts cannot be labelled in gas-tight chambers separated from the soil.