Religiosity, Mental Health and Substance Use among Black and Hispanic Adults during the First Six Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between personal religiosity, mental health, and substance use outcomes among Black and Hispanic adults during the first six months of the COVID-19 outbreak in New York City (NYC). Phone interviews were conducted with 441 adults to obtain information on all variables. Participants self-reported race/ethnicity as Black/African American ( = 108) or Hispanic ( = 333).

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Insufficient Sleep Among U.S. Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and age-specific insufficient sleep duration (ISD) in American youth.

Methods: Data from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health, a sample of 46,209 youth ages 6 to 17 were analyzed. The main outcome was sleep duration that did not meet the recent recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Opioid Medications Prescribing and the Pain-Depression Dyad in Primary Care: Analysis of 2014-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Data.

Background: Increased drug overdose deaths have become a serious public health problem. Primary care providers prescribe about 50% all opioid medications. This study examined opioids prescribing during primary visits to patients with a pain-depression dyad and patient demographic characteristics associated with opioids prescribing.

Palliative Care Consultation in Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Short-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Little is known about palliative care consultation (PCC) for patients with cardiogenic shock requiring short-term mechanical circulatory support (STMCS).

Objective: To describe the utilization of PCC in this population.

Design: Retrospective cohort study in a university medical center intensive care unit (ICU).

End of Life with Left Ventricular Assist Device in Both Bridge to Transplant and Destination Therapy.

Background: The difference of end-of-life care for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients, between destination therapy (DT) and bridge to transplant (BTT), and the effect of palliative care in this population remain unknown.

Objective: The primary outcomes of this retrospective cohort study were the place of death, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, palliative care consultation in the last month, and hospice enrollment. Secondary outcomes were time on the LVAD, life-sustaining treatment in the last week of life, LVAD deactivation, and clinical trajectory.

Does receiving care in a medical home reduce racial/ethnic disparities in ED visits among children with asthma in the United States?

Evidence has shown the implementation of medical home model improves care quality and outcomes. However, it is not clear whether receiving care from a medical home has any impact on racial/ethnic disparities in emergency department (ED) use by children with asthma. This study using the US National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 2009-2010, estimated racial/ethnic disparities in ED use.

Combining training in knowledge translation with quality improvement reduced 30-day heart failure readmissions in a community hospital: a case study.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Training programmes in evidence-based practice (EBP) frequently fail to translate their content into practice change and care improvement. We linked multidisciplinary training in EBP to an initiative to decrease 30-day readmissions among patients admitted to a community teaching hospital for heart failure (HF).

Methods: Hospital staff reflecting all services and disciplines relevant to care of patients with HF attended a 3-day innovative capacity building conference in evidence-based health care over a 3-year period beginning in 2009.

Physician-patient race concordance from the physician perspective.

Background: The benefits of racial/ethnic physician-patient concordance have been cited to support increasing the number of minority physicians. Few studies have examined the rates at which physicians of different race/ethnicity groups or specialties see concordant visits. We aim to determine whether differences exist in rates at which physicians of different race/ethnicity groups and physician specialties see visits by patients of concordant race/ethnicity.

Does elevated plasma triglyceride level independently predict impaired fasting glucose?: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Objective: Elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) have been included in diabetes risk prediction models. This study examined whether elevated TGs predict risk for impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Research Design And Methods: This study used the baseline and longitudinal follow-up data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Does continuity of care have an effect on diabetes quality measures in a teaching practice in an urban underserved community?

Teaching clinics are an important source of care for urban, minority, underserved communities and face great challenges to improve quality of care for diabetics. This study examined the impact of continuity with the same primary care provider on health care process and outcome measures for patients with diabetes treated at an urban, family medicine resident teaching practice. The Modified Modified Continuity of Care Index was used to measure care continuity.

Racial/ethnic differences in the association of triglycerides with other metabolic syndrome components: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there are ethnic differences in the association of triglycerides (TG) with waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, and insulin resistance and to examine the disparities in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites who do not have hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods: This study used the baseline data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. The analysis included non-Hispanic whites (N = 2,427) and African Americans (N = 1,519) aged 45-84 years free of clinically evident cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline.

Changes in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy use among women with high cardiovascular risk.

After randomized trials failed to support the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), HRT use for postmenopausal women declined. Our analysis of 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) shows that HRT use decreased 19% (from 27.6 to 8.

Organizational climate and intensive care unit nurses' intention to leave.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to a) estimate the incidence of intensive care units nurses' intention to leave due to working conditions; and b) identify factors predicting this phenomenon.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Setting: Hospitals and critical care units.

Racial and ethnic differences in delivery of tobacco-cessation services.

Background: Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in health care is an important national goal. Racial and ethnic differences in the delivery of tobacco-cessation services were examined in the course of visits to primary care physicians.

Methods: In 2007, data about tobacco screening were analyzed from 29,470 visits by adult patients to 2153 physicians in the 2001-2005 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a cross-sectional survey.

Dissemination of the CDC's Hand Hygiene Guideline and impact on infection rates.

Background: The diffusion of national evidence-based practice guidelines and their impact on patient outcomes often go unmeasured.

Methods: Our objectives were to (1) evaluate implementation and compliance with clinical practices recommended in the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hand Hygiene Guideline, (2) compare rates of health care-associated infections (HAI) before and after implementation of the Guideline recommendations, and (3) examine the patterns and correlates of changes in rates of HAI. We used pre- and post-Guideline implementation site visits and surveys in the setting of 40 US hospitals--members of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System--and measured HAI rates 1 year before and after publication of the CDC Guideline and used direct observation of hand hygiene compliance and Guideline implementation scores.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US middle-aged and older adults with and without diabetes--a preliminary analysis of the NHANES 1999-2002 data.

Objective: This study examined the racial differences in the distribution of the individual and clustered metabolic syndrome components among diabetics and nondiabetics and the presence of inflammatory markers.

Study Design And Method: This is a secondary data analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2002. The analysis only included adults aged > or = 40 years who were White, Black, and Mexican American.

Organizational climate and intensive care unit nurses' intention to leave.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to a) estimate the incidence of intensive care units nurses' intention to leave due to working conditions; and b) identify factors predicting this phenomenon.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Setting: Hospitals and critical care units.

A U.S. population-based survey of Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

Background: The epidemiology of staphylococcal colonization and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is changing, and little is known from the national perspective.

Objective: To describe the U.S.

Antibacterial cleaning products and drug resistance.

We examined whether household use of antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products is an emerging risk factor for carriage of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria on hands of household members. Households (N = 224) were randomized to use of antibacterial or nonantibacterial cleaning and hygiene products for 1 year. Logistic regression was used to assess the influence of antibacterial product use in homes.

The magnet process and the perceived work environment of nurses.

Background: Several studies have described the work environment of nurses from magnet and nonmagnet hospitals, but there have been no studies of nurses from hospitals in the magnet application process.

Objectives: To compare the differences between characteristics of hospitals and nurses from three hospital types: magnet hospitals, hospitals in the process of applying for magnet certification, and nonmagnet hospitals, and how nurses from these hospitals perceive their work environment.

Methods: In a national, cross-sectional survey of critical care nurses, the Perceived Nursing Work Environment (PNWE) instrument was administered to measure nurses' perceptions of their work environment.

Does provision of health counseling differ by patient race?

Background And Objectives: Empirical data on health counseling provided to patients of different racial groups in primary care settings are limited, and existing studies have yielded inconsistent findings. This study's purpose was to use a national medical care survey to examine whether the visit-based rates of health counseling/education differed between black and white patients in primary care practice settings.

Methods: We performed secondary data analysis of visits to primary care providers made by black and white adult patients in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).

Context of care or provider training: the impact on preventive screening practices.

Background: While MD adherence to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines has been found to be uneven, nurse practitioners (NPs) and their adherence to guidelines have not been closely examined.

Provision of health counseling in office-based practices and hospital outpatient clinics.

Objective: To compare the rates of health counseling provided during primary care visits in two different types of ambulatory care settings.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2000 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).

Results: Of the estimated 722 million adult ambulatory care visits during 2000, 90.