Intradural Repair of Temporal Bone Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Results from a Single Institution.

Background: Lateral temporal bone encephaloceles incidence is increasing with obesity rates. Middle fossa (MF) craniotomy, transmastoid (TM), or combined MF + TM access can be used for repair.

Methods: Retrospective review of MF or MF + TM repair with an intradural graft.

The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Vestibular Schwannoma Management: A Single Institution Review.

Objective: To evaluate social determinants of health and their effect on the management of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Prognostic value of CD103 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score in recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: In an evolving era of immunotherapeutic options for persistent or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), there is a need for improved biomarkers of treatment response and survival to inform optimal treatment selection and prognostication. Herein, our primary objective was to explore correlations between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS). Secondarily, we sought to explore their combined association with survival outcomes in patients with persistent or recurrent LSCC treated with salvage surgery.

Auditory Outcomes Following Transmastoid and Middle Cranial Fossa Approaches for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Repair.

Objective: To describe postoperative hearing outcomes following transmastoid (TM) and middle cranial fossa (MCF) approaches for semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) repair.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Academic, tertiary referral center.

Re-evaluating the prevalence and factors characteristic of catecholamine secreting head and neck paragangliomas.

Introduction: We sought to characterize the prevalence and factors characteristic of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) that secrete catecholamines to inform best practices for diagnosis and management.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2020 at a single-institution tertiary centre. One-hundred fifty-two patients (182 tumours) with HNPGLs with at least one measurement of urine or plasma catecholamines and/or catecholamine metabolite levels prior to treatment were included.

Review of Bone Conduction Hearing Devices.

Bone conduction is an efficient pathway of sound transmission which can be harnessed to provide hearing amplification. Bone conduction hearing devices may be indicated when ear canal pathology precludes the use of a conventional hearing aid, as well as in cases of single-sided deafness. Several different technologies exist which transmit sound via bone conduction.

Virtual Resident Mentorship Groups for Fourth Year Medical Students Applying into Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: To create a longitudinal near-peer mentorship program for medical students applying to otolaryngology.

Methods: A program for longitudinal near-peer mentorship was designed based on a needs analysis of senior medical students. Program objectives were to (1) provide didactic education on common otolaryngology consults, (2) facilitate resident-student networking, and (3) enable applicants to meet other students.

Rehabilitation for unilateral deafness - Narrative review comparing a novel bone conduction solution with existing options.

Patients with single sided deafness (SSD) struggle with sound localization and speech in noise. Existing treatment options include contralateral routing of signal (CROS) systems, percutaneous bone conduction hearing devices (BCHDs), passive transcutaneous BCHDs, active BCHDs, and cochlear implants. Implanted devices provide benefits in speech in noise compared to CROS devices.

Assessment of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Parameters Associated With Facial Nerve Outcome in Parotidectomy for Benign Disease.

Importance: Prior studies suggest that the use of facial nerve monitoring decreases the rate of immediate postoperative facial nerve weakness in parotid surgery, but published data are lacking on normative values for these parameters or cutoff values to prognosticate facial nerve outcomes.

Objective: To identify intraoperative facial nerve monitoring parameters associated with postoperative weakness and to evaluate cutoff values for these parameters under which normal nerve function is more likely.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective case series of 222 adult patients undergoing parotid surgery for benign disease performed with intraoperative nerve monitoring was conducted at an academic medical institution from September 13, 2004, to October 30, 2014.

Comparison of Automated Posttonsillectomy Bleed Capture With Self-report.

Importance: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists and is associated with postoperative bleeding. Bleed rates are usually monitored by self-report.

Objective: To evaluate whether using automated capture and reporting of pediatric posttonsillectomy bleeding is feasible and accurate compared with traditional self-reporting by the surgical team.

Three-Dimensional Printing and Its Applications in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology is being employed in a variety of medical and surgical specialties to improve patient care and advance resident physician training. As the costs of implementing 3D printing have declined, the use of this technology has expanded, especially within surgical specialties. This article explores the types of 3D printing available, highlights the benefits and drawbacks of each methodology, provides examples of how 3D printing has been applied within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, discusses future innovations, and explores the financial impact of these advances.