A Pilot Study of Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is commonly used for both medical and aesthetic purposes. However, approximately 3% of long-term recipients develop resistance, potentially due to antibody formation. Injection technique may influence immunogenicity, yet comparative data remain limited.

Comparative Study on the Duration and Efficacy of Various Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for Reducing Masseteric Muscle Bite Force and Treating Facial Wrinkles.

Objective: Botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used for minimal invasive aesthetic treatments. Different brands of BoNT/A exhibit structural variations. The aim of this study was to compare the duration and efficacy of various BoNT/A brands available in Thailand for reducing bite force and treating wrinkles.

Willingness to Pay and Time Trade-off in Thai Patients with Port-Wine Stains.

Background: Port-wine stains are congenital vascular abnormalities that impact children's and parents' quality of life (QoL). There are currently no established criteria for assessing the quality of life in PWS patients. Utility measures such as willingness-to-pay (WTP) and time trade-off (TTO) can be used to quantify disease burden, impact on QoL, and assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions.