Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid-associated virulence genes in isolated from pigs, pork, and humans in border provinces of Thailand and neighboring countries.

In Southeast Asia, most antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data on have been generated at the phenotypic level, while insights into the genetic characteristics of AMR and virulence genes remain limited. This study aimed to further characterize AMR isolates carrying plasmid-associated virulence genes in Thailand and neighboring countries. A total of 366 isolates were collected from pigs ( = 265), pork ( = 69), and humans ( = 32) across Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, and Myanmar.

Pathological Characteristics of Pregnant Tree Shrews Infected by Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype and the Effect of Estrogen on Virus Replication.

Hepatitis E, caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a zoonotic disease that extends beyond hepatocellular necrosis to replicate in multiple organs. While most infections are self-limiting, HEV infection during pregnancy is associated with severe outcomes, including acute liver failure, preterm delivery, and miscarriage, with the mechanisms underlying this high pathogenicity remaining poorly understood. This study established a pregnant tree shrew model with a late-stage HEV infection and a cellular model using zoonotic HEV genotypes GT3 and GT4 to investigate the effects of estrogen on HEV replication.

Prevalence and characterization of IncQ1α-mediated multi-drug resistance in Isolated from pigs in Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Background: is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium that is inherently resistant to polymyxin and tigecycline, largely due to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other bacteria, raising concerns about the Inc plasmid-mediated ARG transmission from , which poses a serious public health threat. This study aims to investigate the presence of Inc plasmid types in pig-derived in Kunming, Yunnan, China.

CTX-M, SHV, TEM and VEB β-lactamases, and MCR-1 among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates from environment near animal farms in Thailand.

Background: Currently, antimicrobial agents are widely used in both animals and agriculture, causing the crisis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study we surveyed for 4 important antimicrobial-resistant bacteria: extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp., and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the environment around chicken and pig farms.

Flagella Phenotypic Variations of ST34 Type Typhimurium and Variants.

serovar Typhimurium and its variants are the most common serotypes of human salmonellosis cases. Serotyping Typhimurium and its variants has always been challenging. Our previous work found that among 14 Typhimurium and variant strains, some different antigenic formulas had 100% pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) similarity.

Exploring the epidemiology of mcr genes, genetic context and plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae originating from pigs and humans on farms in Thailand.

Objectives: In veterinary medicine, colistin has been widely used as therapeutic and prophylactic agent, and for growth promotion. However, colistin has been re-introduced into treatment of human MDR bacterial infections. We assessed the characteristics and spread of plasmid-borne colistin resistance among healthy pigs, workers with animal-contact and their household members in Thailand.

Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in -carrying ESBL-producing from pigs and humans.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted to characterize -carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (=7). These isolates originated from two pigs (TH2 and TH3) and two humans (TH8 and TH9) from Thailand, and three pigs from Lao PDR (LA1, LA2 and LA3). Four sequence types/serotypes - ST6833/H20 (TH2 and TH3), ST48/O160:H40 (TH8 and TH9), ST5708/H45 (LA1) and ST10562/O148:H30 (LA2 and LA3) - were identified.

Prevalence of qnrS-positive Escherichia coli from chicken in Thailand and possible co-selection of isolates with plasmids carrying qnrS and trimethoprim-resistance genes under farm use of trimethoprim.

One hundred and twenty chicken samples from feces (n = 80), the carcass surface at slaughter at 2 meat chicken farms (n = 20), and retail chicken meat from 5 markets (n = 20) collected during 2018 and 2019 were examined for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in Escherichia coli. We detected qnrS-positive E. coli in a total of 74 samples from feces (n = 59), the carcass surface (n = 7), and retail meat (n = 8).

Colistin resistance and plasmid-mediated genes in and isolated from pigs, pig carcass and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia border provinces.

Background: Colistin and carbapenem-resistant bacteria have emerged and become a serious public health concern, but their epidemiological data is still limited.

Objectives: This study examined colistin and carbapenem resistance in and from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia border provinces.

Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin and meropenem was determined in and obtained from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork (n = 1,619).

Colistin Resistance and ESBL Production in and from Pigs and Pork in the Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar Border Area.

The study aimed to examine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-production and colistin resistance in and from pigs and pork in the border area among Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. ( = 463) and ( = 767) isolates were collected from pig rectal swab from slaughterhouses ( = 441) and pork from retail markets ( = 368) during October 2017 and March 2018. All were determined for susceptibility to colistin and cephalosporins, ESBL production and and ESBL genes.

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective.

Antibiotics are freqeuently used in the livestock sector in low- and middle-income countries for treatment, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. However, there is limited information into the zoonotic prevalence and dissemination patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these environments. In this study we used pig farming in Thailand as a model to explore AMR; 156 pig farms were included, comprising of small-sized (<50 sows) and medium-sized (≥100 sows) farms, where bacterial isolates were selectively cultured from animal rectal and human fecal samples.

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from pigs and humans in farms in Thailand: population genomic structure, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Objectives: To define characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (hereafter KP) isolates from healthy pigs, farm workers and their household members in Thailand.

Methods: A total of 839 individual rectal swabs from pigs on 164 farms and 271 faecal samples of humans working on pig farms and persons living in the same household in Khon Kaen, Thailand were screened for gut colonization by KP. Genomic sequences were investigated for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification-Farmers' practices in northeastern Thailand.

Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in livestock is crucial for tailoring efficient incentives for responsible use of antibiotics. Here we compared routines for antibiotic use between pig farms of two different levels of intensification in Khon Kaen province in Thailand. Among the 113 family-owned small-scale farms (up to 50 sows) interviewed did 76% get advice from the pharmacy about how to use the antibiotics and 84% used it primarily for treating disease.

Spread of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella from Poultry to Humans in Thailand.

Food animal production is important for every country. Several antibiotic agents are used in poultry farming to reduce the economic losses arising from mostly untested infectious diseases. This continued study was performed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in broiler chickens, poultry farmers, and Salmonella bacteremia patients.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification.

The overall aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that (i) antibiotic resistance in bacteria were more frequent in clinically health pigs in intensified company owned, medium-scale farms (MSFs) (100-500 sows) than in pigs in family-owned, small-scale farms (SSFs) (1-50 sows) and (ii) that farmers working at the MSFs were more prone to attain antibiotic resistant bacteria than farmers working at SSFs. The study was conducted in North-Eastern Thailand, comprising fecal isolates from pigs, farmers working with the pigs (contact humans) and persons living in the same household as the farmer (non-contact humans) at 51 MSFs and 113 SSFs. Samples from all farms were also screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was not detected in pig samples, but was found in one human sample.

Presence and Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in in Pigs, Pork, and Humans in Thailand and Lao PDR Border Provinces.

This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of isolates from pig origin (including pigs, pig carcass, and pork) and humans in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) border provinces. The majority of the isolates from Thailand (69.7%) and Lao PDR (63.

Risk of Antimicrobial Resistant Non-Typhoidal during Asymptomatic Infection Passage between Pet Dogs and Their Human Caregivers in Khon Kaen, Thailand.

To explore the risk of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) non-typhoidal during asymptomatic infection passage between pet dogs and human caregivers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, one hundred forty paired fecal samples ( = 280) were obtained from companion dogs and their human caregivers, interviewed from 140 households during 2019-2020. The purified isolates were serotype-identified and tested for antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. The homologous isolate pairs (suggesting infections may have been due to passage between each one of the pair, or derived from the same source) were subsequently characterized by serotype screening, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR).

Evaluation of the Containment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Species from a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and a Non-HACCP Pig Slaughterhouses in Northeast Thailand.

To evaluate the containment of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) contaminations of a HACCP slaughterhouse (HACCP SH) and a non-HACCP slaughterhouse (non-HACCPSH), 360 paired pig rectal (representing the farm pig status) and carcass samples (representing the contamination) were collected equally from the two slaughterhouses that serviced 6 and 12 farms, respectively, in Northeast Thailand (n = 720). The purified isolates were serotype identified, antimicrobial susceptibility tested, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assessed. Four evaluations of two slaughterhouses were examined: (1) the means of slaughtering contamination rates (SCR) (to evaluate the contamination level by averaged farm SCRs): the HACCP SH decreased contamination (SCR: -48.

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand.

Materials And Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018.

Phylogenetic characterization of from pig production and humans in Thailand and Laos border provinces.

Background And Aim: The genetic relationship among serotypes of from food animals, food of animal origin, and human is of interest as the data could provide an important clue for the source of human infection. This study aimed to determine the genetic relatedness of from pig production and human in Thailand-Laos border provinces.

Materials And Methods: A total of 195 serotypes isolated from pig and pork (n=178) and human (n=17) including four serotypes (Typhimurium, Rissen, Derby, and Stanley) were randomly selected to examine their genetic relatedness using highly conserved sequence of three genes ( A, B, and ).

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variants isolated in Thailand and Japan.

Monophasic variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated in Thailand and Japan were characterized to elucidate the genetic basis of the monophasic phenotype, genetic relatedness, and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 20 Salmonella isolates agglutinated with anti-O4 and anti-H:i serum and not agglutinated with either anti-H:1 or anti-H:2 serum were identified as monophasic variants of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium because they harbored IS200, specific to this serovar, and lacked the fljB gene. An allele-specific PCR-based genotyping method that detects a clade-specific single nucleotide polymorphism indicated that seven swine isolates and one human isolate from Thailand were grouped into clade 1; five isolates from layer chicken houses and layer chicken feces from Japan were grouped into clade 8, together with two Salmonella serovar Typhimurium isolates from chicken houses in Japan; and five isolates from swine feces from Thailand and two isolates from layer chicken feces from Japan were grouped into clade 9.

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Nonproducing Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli (from a Thai University Hospital) with Reduced Carbapenem Susceptibility.

Twelve nonreplicate carbapenemase-negative ertapenem (ETP)-nonsusceptible (CNENS) Escherichia coli isolates obtained at a Thai university hospital between 2010 and 2014 were characterized and compared with 2 carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolates from the same hospital. Eight unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were obtained.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens, pigs and meat products in Thailand-Cambodia border provinces.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella isolates from broiler chickens, pigs and their associated meat products in the Thailand-Cambodia border provinces. A total of 941 samples were collected from pigs and broiler chickens at slaughter houses and from carcasses at local fresh markets in Sa Kaeo, Thailand (n = 554) and Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia (n = 387) in 2014 and 2015. From these samples, 345 Salmonella isolates were collected from Sa Keao (n = 145; 23%) and Banteay Meanchey (n = 200; 47%) and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, class 1 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes.