Impact of direct prehospital transport on mortality in patients with severe trauma based on the injury severity score: a nationwide observational study in the Republic of Korea.

Objectives: Severe trauma remains a leading cause of death in the Republic of Korea. In response, regional trauma centers were established in 2012. This study evaluated the impact of direct prehospital transport to trauma centers on in-hospital mortality among patients with severe trauma using the national trauma registry.

Responsive, Structure-Shifting Bottlebrush Copolymer Particles.

Structure-shifting polymer particles are of great interest for developing smart soft materials. Here, nanostructured polymer particles capable of switching their morphology in response to external stimuli are presented. The key design is to use a bottlebrush random copolymer with a polydisulfide backbone as a self-assembly building block, in which the polymerization/depolymerization of the dynamic backbone can drive the transformation of the inner particle structure.

Photochromic Control in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics.

The application of perovskite photovoltaics is hampered by issues related to the operational stability upon exposure to external stimuli, such as voltage bias and light. The dynamic control of the properties of perovskite materials in response to light could ensure the durability of perovskite solar cells, which is especially critical at the interface with charge-extraction layers. We have applied a functionalized photochromic material based on spiro-indoline naphthoxazine at the interface with hole-transport layers in the corresponding perovskite solar cells with the aim of stabilizing them in response to voltage bias and light.

Emergence of population heterogeneity in Klebsiella pneumoniae with a bla-harboring plasmid: carbapenem resistance, virulence, and fitness.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the population heterogeneity on carbapenem susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that acquired a bla-bearing ColE-type plasmid.

Methods: A bla-bearing plasmid was electroporated into two carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae strains.

Resilience of tigecycline heteroresistance phenotype in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Background: Heteroresistance, frequently observed in diverse bacterial species, imposes clinical challenges. For this study, we investigated the stability and resilience of tigecycline heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methods: Four tigecycline-heteroresistant (HR) A.

Comparative Analysis of Blood Transfusion Accuracy and Hemolysis Rate of Transfusion Cartridge Set Between Conventional Infusion Pumps and Cylinder-Type Infusion Pumps.

Background: Infusion pumps are critical in delivering fluids, including medications and blood products, in controlled amounts. However, conventional pumps can cause hemolysis and other issues such as flow variations and infection risks, especially during blood transfusions. To address these limitations, a novel cylinder-type infusion pump, the Anyfusion H-100, was developed, which includes a specialized blood transfusion cartridge set that combines syringe and peristaltic infusion methods.

Reprocessible, Reusable, and Self-Healing Polymeric Adsorbent for Removing Perfluorinated Pollutants.

Here, we report a reprocessible, reusable, self-healing, and form-switching polymeric adsorbent for remediating fluorinated pollutants in water. The copolymer hydrogel is designed to contain fluorophilic segments and cationic segments to induce strong binding with perfluorinated pollutants. The sorption performance reveals rapid and quantitative removal of these pollutants, driven by the synergistic effect of fluorophilic and electrostatic interaction.

Machine Learning Using Template-Based-Predicted Structure of Haemagglutinin Predicts Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza.

Deep learning presents a promising approach to complex biological classifications, contingent upon the availability of well-curated datasets. This study addresses the challenge of analyzing three-dimensional protein structures by introducing a novel pipeline that utilizes open-source tools to convert protein structures into a format amenable to computational analysis. Applying a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to a dataset of 12,143 avian influenza virus genomes from 64 countries, encompassing 119 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) types, we achieved significant classification accuracy.

Prediction of blood pressure using chest compression waveform during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objectives: This study aimed to predict blood pressure during CPR using chest compression waveform information obtained from a CPR feedback device.

Methods: Quantitative data including chest compression waveforms from a CPR feedback device and the blood pressure measured by arterial cannulation in patients with cardiac arrest during CPR were used. Forty-one features to predict blood pressure were selected from chest compression waveform and demographic characteristics with neighborhood component analysis algorithm.

From Chalcogen Bonding to S-π Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics.

The stability of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors remains a significant obstacle to their application in photovoltaics. To this end, the use of low-dimensional (LD) perovskites, which incorporate hydrophobic organic moieties, provides an effective strategy to improve their stability, yet often at the expense of their performance. To address this limitation, supramolecular engineering of noncovalent interactions between organic and inorganic components has shown potential by relying on hydrogen bonding and conventional van der Waals interactions.

The Clinical Usability Evaluation of an Attachable Video Laryngoscope in the Simulated Tracheal Intubation Scenario: A Manikin Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of an attachable video laryngoscope (AVL) by attaching a camera and a monitor to a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope (CML). Normal and tongue edema airway scenarios were simulated using a manikin. Twenty physicians performed tracheal intubations using CML, AVL, Pentax Airwayscope (AWS), and McGrath MAC (MAC) in each scenario.

Conversion of Polyethylene to Low-Molecular-Weight Oil Products at Moderate Temperatures Using Nickel/Zeolite Nanocatalysts.

Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used plastic, known for its high mechanical strength and affordability, rendering it responsible for ~70% of packaging waste and contributing to microplastic pollution. The cleavage of the carbon chain can induce the conversion of PE wastes into low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, such as petroleum oils, waxes, and natural gases, but the thermal degradation of PE is challenging and requires high temperatures exceeding 400 °C due to its lack of specific chemical groups. Herein, we prepare metal/zeolite nanocatalysts by incorporating small-sized nickel nanoparticles into zeolite to lower the degradation temperature of PE.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide potentiates the eradication of Gram-negative bacterial persisters.

Unlabelled: Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria remain a globally leading cause of bacterial infection-associated mortality, and it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, the advantage of using antibacterials selective against Gram-negative bacteria has been demonstrated with polymyxins that specifically target the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. However, the severe cytotoxicity of polymyxins limits their clinical use.

End-tidal carbon dioxide after sodium bicarbonate infusion during mechanical ventilation or ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Purpose: End-tidal CO is used to monitor the ventilation status or hemodynamic efficacy during mechanical ventilation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and it may be affected by various factors including sodium bicarbonate administration. This study investigated changes in end-tidal CO2 after sodium bicarbonate administration.

Materials And Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study included adult patients who received sodium bicarbonate during mechanical ventilation or CPR.

Ventricle tracking in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using deep learning and monogenic filtering.

Unlabelled: High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the most important factor in promoting resuscitation outcomes; therefore, monitoring the quality of CPR is strongly recommended in current CPR guidelines. Recently, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been proposed as a potential real-time feedback modality because physicians can obtain clear echocardiographic images without interfering with CPR. The quality of CPR would be optimized if the myocardial ejection fraction (EF) could be calculated in real-time during CPR.

Roles of crrAB two-component regulatory system in Klebsiella pneumoniae: growth yield, survival in initial colistin treatment stage, and virulence.

Objectives: Alternation of the colistin resistance-regulating two-component regulatory system (crrAB) is a colistin-resistance mechanism in Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), but its role in bacteria is not fully understood.

Methods: Twelve colistin-susceptible K.

Relationship between nurses' knowledge of COVID-19, professional quality of life, and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive correlational study.

The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge, professional quality of life, and practices among nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and explore factors associated with nurses' practice. A total of 167 nurses were recruited from 4 general hospitals for this cross-sectional study, which was conducted from June to July 2021. Using SPSS/WIN 22, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Echocardiographic features of myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction on emergency echocardiography.

Objective: Myocardial rupture is a fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Early diagnosis of myocardial rupture is feasible when emergency physicians (EPs) perform emergency transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The purpose of this study was to report the echocardiographic features of myocardial rupture on emergency TTE performed by EPs in the emergency department (ED).

Lipid A modification-induced colistin-resistant from healthy adults.

was once recognised as a benign plant-endosymbiont but recent case reports suggest that it is a newly emerging Gram-negative pathogen related to opportunistic infection of multiple sites in humans. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution method. To identify colistin resistance mechanisms, , , and were sequenced and their mRNA expression was analysed using quantitative real-time PCR.

Left ventricle segmentation in transesophageal echocardiography images using a deep neural network.

Purpose: There has been little progress in research on the best anatomical position for effective chest compressions and cardiac function during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to divide the left ventricle (LV) into segments to determine the best position for effective chest compressions using the LV systolic function seen during CPR.

Methods: We used transesophageal echocardiography images acquired during CPR.

Trends in maintenance status and usability of public automated external defibrillators during a 5-year on-site inspection.

This study aimed to assess the trend of the maintenance status and usability of public automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Public AEDs installed in Seoul from 2013 to 2017 were included. An inspector checked the maintenance status and usability of the AEDs annually using a checklist.

Comparative analysis of the Colistin resistance-regulating gene cluster in Klebsiella species.

CrrAB two-component regulatory system is associated with colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Recently, some K. pneumoniae isolates lacking crrAB genes have been identified.

A Study on the Installation of Facilities for People with Disabilities in Dental Institutions of Chungbuk, South Korea.

To maintain the oral health and ability to smoothly receive dental treatment of people with disabilities, their accessibility to dental institutions must be enforced. Hence, this study aimed to assess the status of installation of convenience facilities for people with disabilities in dental institutions in Chungbuk Province, South Korea. According to the checklist based on installation items for convenience facilities for people with disabilities, 245 dental institutions in Chungbuk Province were visited and investigated to examine whether they had installed internal, intermediary, sanitary, and information-related facilities for people with disabilities.

Oxygen plasma modulates glucosinolate levels without affecting lipid contents and composition in Brassica napus seeds.

Rapeseed contains high levels of glucosinolates (GSLs), playing pivotal roles in defense against herbivores and pests. As their presence in rapeseed reduces the value of the meal for animal feeding, intensive efforts to reduce them produced low-seed GSL cultivars. However, there is no such variety suitable for the south part of Japan.