Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar municipality of Nepal.

Background: Multimorbidity is a group of conditions, it has significant impact on the population as a whole, resulting in lower quality of life, higher mortality, frequent use of medical services, and consequently higher healthcare costs. The objective of this study is to document the prevalence of common multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar Municipality.

Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted where selected multimorbidity were assessed in selected areas of Mechinagar municipality of Jhapa District .

Catastrophic health expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases among elder population: A cross-sectional study from a sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: This study was conducted with the objective to analyze the out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) among the elderly population, and the association of CHE on CNCD with associated factors among the same population.

Materials And Methods: We collected data from the elderly population of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of the Eastern Nepal via door-to-door survey and face-to-face interview. The ten wards out of twenty were chosen by lottery method, and the equal proportion out of 280 samples was purposively chosen from each of ten wards (28 participants from each selected ward).

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among Married Nepalese Men in Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

Background: Intimate Partner Violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force, or power, threatened or actual against on self/others or groups that results in injury, death, psychological harm.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Metropolitan city in 2018. An adequate sample of 210 married men was selected from randomly selected 10 wards of Kathmandu Municipality.

Forty years after Alma-Ata: primary health-care preparedness for chronic diseases in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Background: Four decades after the Alma-Ata Declaration, strengthening primary health care (PHC) remains a priority for health systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the prominence of chronic diseases as a global health issue, PHC must include a wide range of components in order to provide adequate care.

Objective: To assess PHC preparedness to provide chronic care in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru, we used, as 'tracer conditions', diabetes, hypertension and a country-specific neglected tropical disease with chronic sequelae in each country.

Study of Health-Related Quality of Life and Healthcare Utilization among Type 2 Diabetic Population in an Urban Area of Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and places huge burden on public health funding. Diabetes affects quality of life through associated complications, comorbidity, and disease burden. Consequently, people have frequent healthcare visits.

Morpho-physiological and molecular characterization of drought tolerance traits in genotypes under drought stress.

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting lint yield and fibre quality in cotton. With increase in population, degrading natural resources and frequent drought occurrences, development of high yielding, drought tolerant cotton cultivars is critical for sustainable cotton production across countries. Six genotypes identified for drought tolerance, wider adaptability and better fibre quality traits were characterized for various morpho-physiological and biochemical characters and their molecular basis was investigated under drought stress.

Disruption, changes, and adaptation: Experiences with chronic conditions in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Chronic conditions are an increasing problem in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) yet, the challenges faced by low-income populations with these conditions in such countries are not well understood. Based on in-depth interviews with people affected by chronic conditions and their family members, this paper describes the experience of patients suffering from diabetes or hypertension in rural communities of Mozambique, Nepal, and Peru. We analysed our data using the concepts of disruption and adaptive strategies, finding that despite being very different countries, the implications in daily lives, interpersonal relationships, and family dynamics are similar, and that oftentimes such impact is defined along gender lines.

Health Literacy and Knowledge of Chronic Diseases in Nepal.

Background: Understanding of risk factors and developing healthy lifestyles is a way of tackling the surging burden of chronic diseases in low-to-middle income countries such as Nepal. Health literacy (HL) has a pivotal role in prevention, adherence to treatment, self-care, and better use of health care; therefore, factors associated with HL need to be studied in the context of Nepal.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the level of HL and explore disease-specific knowledge among patients with chronic diseases.

Use of Pesticides and Health Risk among Farmers in Sunsari District, Nepal.

Background: An increasing widespread use of Pesticides is as an issue in the agricultural sector. Pesticides use is one of the occupational risks in farmers of low-income countries including Nepal. Objective of this study was to explore the health effects of Pesticides among agricultural farmers of Sunsari.

Respiratory Problems among Workers of Udayapur Cement Factory in Eastern Nepal.

Background: There have been very limited studies regarding health of the cement factory workers in Nepal. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of health problems and the factors associated with respiratory symptoms among the workers of Udayapur cement factory.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2015 in Udayapur cement factory in eastern Nepal.

Respiratory Disorders among Dust Exposed Workers.

Introduction: Exposure to dusts and hard physical work is common in developing industrialized countries. Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses are highly been reported from jute and textile industry. This study was undertaken to explore status of respiratory health among the workers of jute and textile industries.

"If you will counsel properly with love, they will listen": A qualitative analysis of leprosy affected patients' educational needs and caregiver perceptions in Nepal.

Background: Leprosy remains a disease of concern in many countries including Nepal. To achieve the target of elimination, the WHO strategy promotes comprehensive education of patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and the public on leprosy-related issues. However most educational programs are based on the concerns of HCWs and not on patients' needs.

Moving from formative research to co-creation of interventions: insights from a community health system project in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru.

Different methodological approaches for implementation research in global health focusing on how interventions are developed, implemented and evaluated are needed. In this paper, we detail the approach developed and implemented in the COmmunity HEalth System InnovatiON (COHESION) Project, a global health project aimed at strengthening health systems in Mozambique, Nepal and Peru. This project developed innovative formative research at policy, health system and community levels to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers, enablers, needs and lessons for the management of chronic disease using non-communicable and neglected tropical diseases as tracer conditions.

Catastrophic health expenditure among industrial workers in a large-scale industry in Nepal, 2017: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The study aimed at estimating out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and distress financing due to hospitalisation and outpatient care among industrial workers in Eastern Nepal.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving industrial workers employed in a large-scale industry in Eastern Nepal. Those who were hospitalised in the last 1 year or availed outpatient care within the last 30 days were administered a structured questionnaire to estimate the cost of illness.

Application of four novel fungal strains to remove arsenic from contaminated water in batch and column modes.

Immobilized biomass of novel indigenous fungal strains FNBR_3, FNBR_6, FNBR_13, and FNBR_19 were evaluated for arsenic (As) removal from aqueous solution. Alginate beads containing 0.1 g biomass were used in a batch experiment (200 mg l As; pH 6).

Latrine coverage and its utilisation in a rural village of Eastern Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: A little more than 1/3rd of the rural households in Nepal have improved latrine facility. The government of Nepal is working towards making an open defecation free area all over Nepal. There is no data found in literature searches regarding the status of latrines and its utilisation in Nepal.

Morbidity patterns among the welders of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Welding process has many hazards that the welders are exposed to resulting in numbers of health effects and diseases. Safety measures and practices among welders are important ways of preventing or reducing the health hazards associated with this occupation. We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the welders working in eastern Nepal.

Work-related injuries among farmers: a cross-sectional study from rural Nepal.

Background: Agriculture work is one of the most hazardous occupations across countries of all income groups. In Nepal, 74 % of people are working in the agricultural sector. This study aims to identify patterns and factors associated with injuries among farmers of rural Nepal.

Psychosocial Problems among Adolescent Students: An Exploratory Study in the Central Region of Nepal.

Background: Recently, schools have drawn attention as dominant factors for psychosocial development of students. Nepal, however, has limited studies on this issue. This study sought to assess the prevalence of psychosocial dysfunction and its association with family-related factors among adolescent Nepali students.

Awareness of occupational hazards and use of safety measures among welders: a cross-sectional study from Eastern Nepal.

Objective: The proper use of safety measures by welders is an important way of preventing and/or reducing a variety of health hazards that they are exposed to during welding. There is a lack of knowledge about hazards and personal protective equipments (PPEs) and the use of PPE among the welders in Nepal is limited. We designed a study to assess welders' awareness of hazards and PPE, and the use of PPE among the welders of eastern Nepal and to find a possible correlation between awareness and use of PPE among them.

Tobacco use and associated factors among adolescent students in Dharan, Eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Introduction: The tobacco use among the youth, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is quite high in the South East Asian region. Tobacco use is a major proven risk factor and contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and determine associated factors among adolescent students of Dharan municipality.