The impact of short-term exposure to black carbon air pollution on asthma exacerbations in Thai children: a time-stratified case-crossover nationwide study from 2015 to 2022.

Background: Black carbon is a critical component of ambient particulate matter and a recognized trigger of respiratory morbidity. Although existing studies have explored the link between black carbon exposure and pediatric asthma, evidence specific to rapidly industrializing middle-income regions remains scarce. In Thailand, increasing industrial activities, agricultural burning, and vehicle emissions have resulted in higher black carbon concentrations; however, comprehensive epidemiological data on the impact of this on children with asthma exacerbations remain limited.

Interrupted time series analysis of pediatric hospital acquired malnutrition risk score implementation in hospitalized Thai children.

Unlabelled: Hospital-acquired malnutrition (HaM) is a major issue in pediatric care, leading to increased morbidity. The Pediatric Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition (PHaM) risk score was developed to improve the early identification and nutritional management of at-risk pediatric patients. This study evaluated the impact of PHaM implementation in a tertiary pediatric hospital, focusing on early identification, clinical intervention rates, and patient outcomes.

Predictive factors for failure of high flow nasal cannula among children with lower respiratory tract infection: A single center retrospective observational study.

Background And Objective: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a leading cause of childhood hospitalization worldwide, with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy commonly employed as a non-invasive respiratory support method. Determining early predictors of HFNC failure is crucial for timely intervention and reducing associated morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of hospitalized children aged 1 month to 18 years with LRTI who received HFNC from January 2016 to December 2021.

Epidemiology, outcomes, and factors associated with mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome in hospitalized Thai children: a nationwide retrospective analysis, 2015-2022.

Background: Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings. This study assessed national hospital and PICU admission rates, regional disparities, and factors associated with mortality in Thai children with PARDS.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using National Health Security Office (NHSO) data from 2015 to 2022.

Prevalence and associated factors of at risk of anemia among children under five in Northeast Thailand using noninvasive hemoglobin screening in a cross sectional study.

Pediatric anemia remains a significant public health challenge in Northeast Thailand, where hemoglobinopathies and nutritional deficiencies coexist. Early identification of children at risk of anemia is crucial to prevent developmental and health consequences. This study assessed the prevalence of children under five being at risk of anemia using Masimo Rad-67® with Rainbow DCI-mini Sensor, while evaluating the association between caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices on complementary feeding and childhood anemia.

Clinical characteristics and factors influencing hospitalization in pediatric patients with foreign body aspiration: a comprehensive analysis in an emergency department.

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children is a potentially life-threatening event, especially in those under 3 years of age. This study aimed to identify clinical factors associated with hospitalization in pediatric FBA and to highlight innovative retrieval methods used in a tertiary care setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pediatric patients (< 18 years) presenting with confirmed airway FBA between January 2015 and September 2023 at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University.

Serum procalcitonin and procalcitonin clearance as a prognostic biomarker of sepsis in a pediatric critical care setting: A tertiary care experience 2016-2021.

Background: Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children worldwide. Identifying reliable prognostic markers is essential for improving risk stratification and guiding targeted therapies. While some studies in adults suggest that procalcitonin (PCT) clearance may better predict sepsis outcomes, there is limited information regarding pediatric sepsis.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children: A tertiary care perspective.

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease caused by various respiratory and systemic conditions. It is now considered a potentially reversible disease, particularly when diagnosed early and managed with appropriate respiratory care strategies. Although rare in children, it typically develops in patients with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.

Clinical outcomes after surgical resection in asymptomatic and symptomatic children with congenital lung malformations.

Purpose: Our study aims to evaluate the outcomes of children with congenital lung malformation (CLM) who have undergone surgical resection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted among children under 18 who were diagnosed with CLM and underwent surgery at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University between January 2007 and December 2023. We collected data on surgical outcomes, including operative time, postoperative complications, and mortality rate.

Air Pollutants Associated Hospitalization in Pediatric Pneumonia: A National Database Analysis.

Background: Pneumonia ranks as a leading contributor to hospital admissions and mortality among children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between aerosol components of air pollution and pediatric pneumonia hospitalization.

Methods: Employing an observational study design, data from hospitalized children under 15 years diagnosed with pneumonia in Thailand from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to ascertain the relationship between air pollution and health outcomes.

Excess deaths from all-causes mortality in children following the discontinuation of the COVID-19 policy in Thailand.

Background: The emerging COVID-19 pandemic impacted excess mortality in adults. However, limited information is available about the number of children who died during and after the discontinuation of COVID-19 policies in Thailand. This study aimed to assess the excess mortality in Thai children during and after the discontinuation of COVID-19 policies in Thailand.

Accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin measurement for detecting anaemia in infants: a cross-sectional study in a well-child care clinic, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Objective: Infants are at a high risk of developing anaemia, which can arise from various causes, including inappropriate feeding practices. However, few infants attend anaemia screening programmes due to poor cooperation and being time-consuming. This study evaluated the accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin (Hb) spot-check monitoring as part of anaemia screening in healthy infants, compared with the conventional laboratory method.

Development and Validation of a Pediatric Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition (PHaM) Risk Score to Predict Nutritional Deterioration in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Secondary Analysis Based on a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Hospital-acquired malnutrition in pediatric patients leads to adverse outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a pediatric hospital-acquired malnutrition (PHaM) risk score to predict nutritional deterioration. (2) Methods: This was a derivative retrospective cohort study for developing a PHaM risk score.

Parental Attitudes and Practices regarding Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study among a Thai Population.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder common in children. Successful pediatric AD therapy requires parental assistance. Thus, evaluating parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding childhood AD may lead to more educational recommendations to help children control AD in the future.

IFNγ-IL12 axis regulates intercellular crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Obesity is a major cause of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and is characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine elevated in obesity and modulating macrophage functions. Here, we show that male mice with loss of IFNγ signaling in myeloid cells (Lyz-IFNγR2) are protected from diet-induced insulin resistance despite fatty liver.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with Favipiravir in a Tertiary Care Center.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has posed significant health challenges worldwide. While children generally experience less severe illness compared to adults, pneumonia remains a substantial risk, particularly for those under five years old. This study examines the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with favipiravir in Thailand, aiming to identify associated factors for pneumonia.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic marker for hospitalization in children with influenza infection in an emergency setting.

Background: Influenza is a main cause of illnesses during seasonal outbreaks. Identifying children with influenza who may need hospitalization may lead to better influenza outcomes.

Objective: To identify factors associated with the severity of influenza infection, specifically among children who were admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed with influenza at the emergency department.

Survey of Thai Physicians' Practice in Pediatric Septic Shock.

(1) Background: Sepsis management in children is crucial, especially in emergency services. This study aims to evaluate Thai physicians' knowledge gaps in the emergency management of sepsis in children and to evaluate their adherence to the current sepsis clinical practice guidelines. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of Thai physicians' management of septic shock in children.

Meta-Analysis of Prophylactic Renal Replacement Therapy after Cardiac Catheterization in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: The benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in patients with chronic kidney disease remain unclear. The aim of this study is to confirm the benefit of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization.

Methods: We systematically searched for studies published from inception to December 2022 examining the benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Effectiveness of a Mobile App (KhunLook) Versus the Maternal and Child Health Handbook on Thai Parents' Health Literacy, Accuracy of Health Assessments, and Convenience of Use: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Children of parents who have higher health literacy (HL) benefit more from preventive child health care. Digital interventions have been used to improve parents' HL with high satisfaction. KhunLook is a Thai mobile app conceived using strategies to improve HL.

Prevalence and risk factors for pediatric acute and chronic malnutrition: A multi-site tertiary medical center study in Thailand.

Background And Objectives: Malnutrition is a major public health concern that increases morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly those in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate its prevalence, risk factors, and impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized children and adolescents.

Methods And Study Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to four tertiary care hospitals between December 2018 and May 2019.