Unmasking metastatic lung cancer through orbital apex syndrome.

A female patient in her sixth decade of life presented with a 7-day history of progressive diminution of vision and restricted ocular motility associated with fever, headache and vomiting. On general examination, she was febrile (temperature 100.4°F) and had enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, along with multiple nodules on the scalp and upper back.

Simultaneous versus sequential refractive correction and occlusion therapy in treatment of amblyopia.

: Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision with various treatment modalities available for treatment. This study was conducted to compare visual outcomes and stereoacuity in sequential and simultaneous refractive correction and patching in treatment of amblyopia. : A prospective randomized interventional study was conducted in age group 3-14 years with unilateral mild-to-moderate amblyopia in two groups (total 70 patients, 35 each) over a period of 1 year.

Minimally invasive strabismus surgery versus conventional surgical technique for inferior oblique recessions.

Purpose: Minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) employs keyhole incisions to expose muscles and perform surgery. MISS has been found to yield better cosmetic outcomes after surgery involving horizontal recti. To further these findings, our study compared MISS for inferior oblique (IO) recession with conventional approach, in terms of complications and functional outcomes.

Assessment of the reliability of anterior segment optical coherence tomography measurements in cases of strabismus reoperations: a tertiary care center study.

To evaluate the accuracy of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) in measuring the limbal muscle insertion distance (LMID) of previously operated horizontal recti muscles in strabismus reoperations, compared to intraoperative caliper measurements. Thirty adult patients (60 muscles) undergoing strabismus reoperation of horizontal recti muscles for residual/consecutive strabismus were enrolled. Enrolled subjects underwent preoperative ASOCT measurements of the LMID of previously operated horizontal recti muscles, which were compared with intraoperative caliper values obtained during reoperation.

Spontaneous lens absorption and empty capsular bag in hyper-mature senile cataract.

A male patient in his 60s presented with a rare form of hyper-mature senile cataract, characterised by an empty capsular bag in the left eye and diminished vision over 2 years. Initial visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and finger counting at one metre in the left eye. A slit lamp examination revealed pseudophakia in the right eye and a fibrosed lens capsule in the left eye.

Comparative evaluation of surgical outcomes in acute acquired comitant esotropia managed with and without pre-operative prism adaptation test.

: Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a rare type of esotropia for which until now the main treatment modalities prescribed are prism glasses, botulinum toxin injection and surgery. The purpose of our study is to compare the surgical outcomes in patients with AACE managed with and without pre-operative prism adaptation test (PAT). : We have done a prospective, interventional study for the duration of one year.

Unveiling geographic conjunctival ulcer: a rare clinical presentation of herpetic eye disease.

A male patient in his 50s presented with a history of sudden onset redness and pain in the right eye for 15 days. He was under prescription of topical antibiotics, steroids and lubricants by the primary treating ophthalmologist for 2 weeks with reported worsening of symptoms. He was noted to have a visual acuity of 20/32 and 20/20 in the right and left eye, respectively.

Unusual and Rare Causes of Monocular Elevation Deficit.

Introduction: To study the rare and unusual causes of monocular elevation deficit.

Methods: Five patients presenting to us with diplopia and elevation deficit were thoroughly examined and were found to have monocular elevation deficit due to rare causes.

Observations: All five were found to have different underlying etiologies - iatrogenic, sphenoid wing meningioma, cysticercosis, sarcoidosis and mid brain infarct, and were managed appropriately.

Comprehensive review of amblyopia: Types and management.

The optimal method of treatment for a child depends on the patient's age at the time of diagnosis, the onset and type of amblyopia, and the degree of compliance attainable. In deprivation amblyopia, the cause of visual impairment (e.g.

The impact of the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood myopia control practice patterns among ophthalmologists-an international pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus council global perspective.

Background: The prevalence of myopia keeps increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to map the worldwide treatment preferences of ophthalmologists managing myopia control during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods: An online questionnaire inquiring about pharmacological and optical treatment patterns during the first half of 2020 was sent to pediatric ophthalmology as well as general ophthalmology memberships worldwide.

Comparison of Minimally Invasive Strabismus Surgery (MISS) and Conventional Strabismus Surgery Using the Limbal Approach.

Purpose: To compare minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) with conventional strabismus surgery for horizontal recti in terms of functional outcome and complications.

Methods: A total of 40 patients requiring surgery for horizontal recti were divided into two groups: those undergoing MISS and those operated on using the conventional limbal technique. In the MISS group, two small keyhole radial cuts were made superior and inferior to the insertion of the muscle margin.

Television Video Games in the Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Aged 4-7 Years.

Aim: To investigate the role of television video games in childhood amblyopia treatment.

Method: This prospective, randomized, interventional study included 40 patients between 4-7 years of age, with unilateral amblyopia (visual acuity in amblyopic eye between 1-0.6 LogMAR equivalents) attending the squint clinic at a tertiary eye hospital.

Levodopa/carbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of levodopa/carbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia.

Methods: Thirty patients with strabismic amblyopia between the ages of 3 and 12 years were part of this double-blind, randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups.

Acquired isolated unilateral fourth nerve palsy after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt has been the surgical procedure of choice for many years for both communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus.(1) High failure rates and complications have been reported, despite major improvements in shunt technology(2); however, fourth (trochlear) nerve palsy has not been reported after this procedure. We describe 2 patients who developed a fourth nerve palsy after shunt surgery.

Filter paper strip kit: a cost-effective transport media.

This study was undertaken to discover a feasible transport media for the transportation of ocular microbiological material from the periphery to the central laboratory. A total of 94 cases of ocular infection with clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis and keratitis were studied. In all cases, two representative microbiological samples were collected, and sent by filter paper strip (FPS) kit as well as by direct culture technique.

Pattern of intraocular pressure in epidemic dropsy in India.

This study was conducted to report on the intraocular pressure (IOP) pattern in patients with epidemic dropsy. Two hundred and thirty proven cases of epidemic dropsy were sent for ocular examination. We measured IOP by applanation tonometry at different intervals.

Long-term results of unilateral lateral rectus recession in intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: Unilateral lateral rectus recession is an alternative procedure in the treatment of moderate angle intermittent exotropia. However, long-term results of unilateral lateral rectus recession have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term stability of alignment following unilateral lateral rectus recession in patients with intermittent exotropia with a deviation of 25 to 30 PD.

Young men with epiphora: management by an innovative surgical technique (the Safdarjang suture).

A congenital medial canthal anomaly was identified as the cause of epiphora in 18 young adult male patients. This anomaly consists of anomalous anterior displacement of the medial palpebral ligament causing a lack of adequate apposition of the medial end of the lower lid to the globe. The lacrimal punctum does not dip into the lacrimal lake, thereby causing epiphora.