Cholestasis associated microtrabecular and pseudoacinar morphologies in hepatocellular carcinoma: Predicting immunophenotypes, clinical, and radiological outcome.

Introduction: Over the last two decades, there has been gradual shift in the approach to management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More emphasis on obtaining pretreatment biopsies for morphomolecular characterization and developing targeted therapies is becoming increasingly crucial. Gain-of-function mutations of CTNNB1, which encodes beta-catenin, occur in 27% of HCC patients.

Double infections in the gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies.

Background And Objectives: Gastrointestinal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are a few reports of gastrointestinal double infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed double infections identified in gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies in a tertiary care center.

Monogenic SLCO2A1 gene mutation presenting as early onset inflammatory bowel disease-A report of rare case with review of literature.

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple chronic ulcerative and structuring lesions in the small intestine, primarily affecting the ileum. It often presents with symptoms of chronic blood loss and protein loss, including iron deficiency anemia and abdominal pain, similar to other nonspecific small bowel enteropathies. This case report describes a 15-year-old boy with a 10-year history of recurrent abdominal pain, melena, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia.

FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells and its effector mechanisms in Crohn's disease: an immunohistochemical and image morphometric analysis on endoscopic mucosal biopsies.

Objective: Crohn's disease (CD) is an immune inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract arising from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, microbiome, and immune factors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by FoxP3 expression, are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, interleukin (IL)-10 release, and granzyme (GrB) production. This study aimed to elucidate the role of FoxP3 positive (+) Tregs in CD.

Morphological heterogeneity of IgG4-related hepatobiliary disease: further expanding the spectrum.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a distinct immunoinflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology that may involve one or more organs, either synchronously or metachronously. Nonetheless, the pathophysiological mechanism is complex and poorly understood. The hepatobiliary manifestations of IgG4-RD [IgG4-hepatobiliary (IgG4-HB)], per se, have been sporadically reported in the literature.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) versus conventional EUS FNAC for solid pancreatic lesions: A pilot randomized trial.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) is the first-line modality to diagnose suspected solid pancreatic malignant lesions. Elastography-guided FNA has been shown to improve the diagnostic yield of EUS FNA but prospective studies are limited. The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of conventional and elastography-guided EUS FNA in patients with suspected malignant pancreatic solid masses.

PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma Correlates with the Immune Microenvironment.

Introduction/background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common malignancy, with its diverse clinical, pathological, and molecular features. The immune microenvironment of a tumor comprises of interplay between various cells and molecules, and has a significant role in deciding the tumor behavior and overall prognosis. PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) has been implicated in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Comparison of the efficacies of triple, quadruple and sequential antibiotic therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aim: There is regional variation in the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) regimens depending on the local antibiotic resistance patterns. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of triple, quadruple and sequential antibiotic therapy in eradicating H.

Primary gastrointestinal anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A critical reappraisal with a systematic review of the world literature.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving both nodal and extra-nodal sites with a specific anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK-1) gene rearrangement. The commonly involved extranodal sites include skin, bone, soft tissue, lungs, and liver. ALCL primarily involving gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare.

Natural Killer Cell Enteropathy With Extraintestinal Involvement: Presenting as Symptomatic Anemia.

Natural killer (NK) cell enteropathy is a newly described disease entity with benign behavior and an indolent clinical course, characterized by the atypical proliferation of NK cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is unknown. It closely mimics NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Ergotamine Induced Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease characterised by the presence of fibroinflammatory reaction which starts around the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta in the retroperitoneum and frequently entrap the ureter causing obstructive uropathy. Approximately, two thirds of the cases are idiopathic, where aetiopathogenesis is not known. Ergotamine-induced RPF, although rare, is considered under secondary group.

Elevated Expression of DNA Methyltransferases and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 in Helicobacter pylori - Gastritis and Gastric Carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the role of key epigenetic regulators pertaining to DNA methylation and histone-modification systems in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods: The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT-1, 3A, and 3B) and the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex-2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2]) in gastric carcinomas (n = 104), mucosa adjacent to carcinoma (n = 104), HP-associated gastritis (n = 95), and histologically normal mucosa (n = 31) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR.

Results: The expression of all 3 DNMTs and EZH2 was significantly higher in HP-associated gastritis and carcinoma cases than in those with adjacent and normal mucosa.