Effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscle strength and cardiometabolic health during dietary weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past 35 years. Although caloric restriction reduces body fat, lean tissue is also lost. Resistance exercise may mitigate these effects.

The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background: Obesity continues to grow as a public health concern and although dietary interventions can be effective at reducing body mass and improving cardiovascular risk factors, they also result in undesirable losses of lean tissue. The aim of this randomised controlled pilot trial was to investigate the effects of a home-based resistance training exercise programme on body composition and muscle function in people living with overweight or obesity undergoing dietary weight loss.

Methods: Participants (n = 48) from Glasgow were randomly assigned to either a diet-induced weight loss group (WL) or a diet plus home-based resistance training exercise group (RT + WL) for 12-weeks.

Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of krill oil (KO) supplementation during alternate-day fasting (ADF) on body composition and muscle function in healthy adults with overweight.

Methods: In a randomized trial, during the 8-week ADF, participants consumed four capsules per day containing krill oil (KO group) or vegetable oil (placebo group). Each capsule of KO contained 191 mg EPA, 94 mg DHA, 78 mg choline, and 100 mcg astaxanthin.

Association of device measured physical activity with liver fat and stiffness in people with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) metrics and liver fat and stiffness in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials And Methods: People with T1D attending clinics or participating in ongoing research at the Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait were invited to participate. Liver fat fraction and stiffness were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and elastography, respectively, liver enzymes were quantified and PA metrics were assessed over 7 days with a wrist-worn accelerometer.

The association of n-3 fatty acid intake with muscle mass and strength in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the UK biobank data.

Objectives: The main aim was to investigate the association of n-3 fatty acid intake and the n-6/n-3 fatty acid intake ratio with muscle mass and strength in older adults.

Methods: This study included 61,381 individuals (28,187 men and 33,194 women) aged ≥60 years. Grip strength and muscle mass index were assessed and n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intake were determined.

Protein Source, Dietary Fibre Intake, and Inflammation in Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study.

Background: Chronic inflammation is linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other non-communicable diseases. Dietary factors like fibre and protein may affect inflammation, but limited evidence exists exploring how they interact. This study investigated associations between dietary fibre, protein sources, and the inflammatory marker -reactive protein (CRP) in older adults.

Effect of a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention to improve sleep on food preferences: A randomized controlled trial in adults with overweight and obesity.

Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with higher energy intake and increased preference for sweet foods. The aim was to determine whether cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBTi) i) improved sleep duration and quality and ii) altered dietary behaviours and food preferences. Participants (sleep duration <7 h; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) > 5; BMI ≥25 kg m) were randomised to 8 weeks of CBTi (n = 14) or Control (n = 13).

Dietary intake in healthy older individuals is associated with lipopolysaccharide binding protein a biomarker of gut function: an exploratory cross-sectional study.

Diet, physical function and gut health are important modifiable factors in ageing. However, it is unclear how ageing affects various domains of gut function. Aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore relationships between nutrient intake, physical function, and biomarkers of gut function in older individuals.

Effects of Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Caloric Restriction on Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review aimed to determine whether caloric restriction-induced reduction in body fat and fat-free mass can be amended by supplementation with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE, were searched for papers published from the time the databases were created until November 1, 2023. Random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.

Are strategies to increase muscle mass and strength as effective in people with type 2 diabetes?

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 2-3-time higher risk of developing sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease marked by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, compared to people without T2D. This narrative review examines the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in enhancing muscle mass and strength in people with T2D, emphasizing their growing importance with advancements in obesity treatments. PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to identify the most relevant published studies based on the authors' knowledge.

The impact of the time of day on metabolic responses to exercise in adults: A systematic and meta-analysis review.

The aim of the current study is to investigate whether the time of day at which exercise is performed affects metabolic, glucose and insulin responses to exercise in adults. Databases were searched for randomised controlled (parallel and crossover) trials with participants aged from 18 to 65 year, an intervention of any exercise carried out at a specific time of the day and compared to any exercise carried out at a different time of the day. From 2458 screened articles, 12 studies were included in the systematic review of which 5 studies were included in the meta-analyses which compared 24 h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data, between morning and afternoon/evening exercise, on the day exercise was performed (SMD = 0.

The associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults: A cross-sectional study from UK Biobank.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults. A secondary aim was to investigate whether these associations differed by physical activity status.

Research Methods & Procedures: A cross-sectional study included 53,170 participants aged 60 years and over from the UK biobank (25,324 men and 27,846 women).

Validity of the Arabic International Physical Activity Questionnaire to Measure Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in People with Diabetes.

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the Arabic version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with accelerometer-measured MVPA in people with diabetes.

Methods: From 2020 to 2022 physical activity was measured people ≥18 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in Kuwait. Self-reported MVPA was measured over 7 days with the Arabic version of the IPAQ.

Associations of physical activity levels with fatigue in people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in the LIFT trial.

Objectives: The overall aim of the current study was to quantify physical activity levels in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) and to explore their role in fatigue.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Lessening the Impact of Fatigue in IRDs (LIFT) trial of the personalized exercise program (PEP) intervention for fatigue. Participants with IRDs were recruited from 2017 to 2019 and the current analysis used fatigue, measured by the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and accelerometer measured physical activity data collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up.

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and neuromuscular function in older adults.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore the latest research investigating the effects of marine-derived long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n -3 PUFA) supplementation on neuromuscular function in older adults.

Recent Findings: Ageing results in a decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass. There is growing evidence that LC n -3 PUFA supplementation increases muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive.

Association of Physical Activity and Sleep Metrics with Depression in People with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of physical activity and sleep metrics, measured via wrist-worn accelerometers, with depression in people with type 1 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: People with type 1 diabetes were recruited from the Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait and were invited to wear a wrist-worn accelerometer device for 7 days. Mean physical activity (overall acceleration), inactivity, light activity, moderate activity, vigorous activity, the distribution of physical activity intensity (intensity gradient), sleep duration and sleep efficiency were quantified from the accelerometer data.

Seasonal differences in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep patterns in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait.

Aims: The main aim of the current study was to measure physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep levels across the different seasons in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2022. Physical activity and sleep metrics were measured over a 7-day period with a wrist-worn accelerometer (GENEActiv).

Effect of Sustainably Sourced Protein Consumption on Nutrient Intake and Gut Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Diet is integral to the healthy ageing process and certain diets can mitigate prolonged and deleterious inflammation. This review aims to assess the impact of diets high in sustainably sourced proteins on nutrient intake, gut, and age-related health in older adults. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on 5 September 2023 across multiple databases and sources.

In people with type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Aim: To investigate the association of sarcopenia with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort study with 11 974 White European UK Biobank participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-70 years, included. Sarcopenia was defined based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People as either non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic.

Corrigendum: A comparison of physical activity, muscle strength, and sleep between people with type 2 diabetes in Kuwait and he UK: a cross sectional study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.

Long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of age- and disease-related declines in skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical function.

Purpose Of Review: This review uses the hierarchy of evidence as a framework to critically evaluate the effect of long chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n -3 PUFA) ingestion alone, or as an adjunctive intervention to resistance training, on muscle health-related outcomes in healthy and clinical older adult populations.

Recent Findings: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials consistently report small, but clinically-relevant, effects of LC n -3 PUFA ingestion on strength outcomes, whereas mixed findings have been reported regarding changes in muscle mass and physical function. Cohort studies indicate an association between higher dietary LC n -3 PUFA intake and reduced likelihood of a sarcopenia diagnosis.