Validation of a parent-reported outcome measure for young boys with a condition affecting sex development (PRO-CSD).

Objective: To validate a short parent-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire in young boys with conditions affecting sex development (PRO-CSD).

Design: Consecutive sample cross-sectional study.

Setting: A single tertiary children's hospital in Glasgow, UK.

ROS scavengers and genital skin healing in boys with hypospadias.

Introduction: Hypospadias repair is associated with high complication rates. Vascular cells from boys with hypospadias have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to controls. It is not clear if ROS affects wound healing in hypospadias.

An International Delphi-Based Study for Developing a Core Outcome Set for Hypospadias Surgery.

Introduction: Explicit outcomes routinely measured across the life span following hypospadias surgery, defined by a core outcome set (COS), will harmonize and overcome reporting heterogeneity.

Methods: Age-specific outcomes identified in a literature review were presented in a three-round Delphi survey. Participants (professionals, parents, and patients) were encouraged to suggest outcomes in the first Delphi round.

Development and validation of a short version of the quality of life-DSD questionnaire for parents of young children with conditions affecting sex development.

Background: There is a paucity of information on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in parents and children with conditions affecting sex development. The objective of this study was to develop short forms of HRQoL questionnaires which consist of a 63-item and 25-item parent self-report (PSR) and parent proxy-report (PPR), respectively, optimizing use in routine clinical settings.

Methods: Short questionnaires were developed following exploratory factor analysis using raw data from 132 parents.

Gonadal Function in Boys with Bilateral Undescended Testes.

Background: Bilateral undescended testes (BUDT) may be a marker of an underlying condition that affects sex development or maturation.

Aims: To describe the extent of gonadal dysfunction in cases of BUDT who had systematic endocrine and genetic evaluation at a single tertiary pediatric center.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all boys with BUDT who had endocrine evaluation between 2008 and 2021 at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (RHCG).

Predictors of surgical complications in boys with hypospadias: data from an internationa registry.

Background: Complications are frequently reported after hypospadias repair and there is a need to understand the factors that influence their occurrence.

Methods: Data from boys with hypospadias born between 2000 and 2020 were obtained from the International Disorders of Sex Development (I-DSD) Registry. Logistic regressions, fisher's exact tests and spearman's correlation tests were performed on the data to assess associations between clinical factors and complication rates.

Vascular dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in hypospadias.

Aims: Hypogonadism is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the cardiovascular impact of hypogonadism during development is unknown. Using hypospadias as a surrogate of hypogonadism, we investigated whether hypospadias is associated with vascular dysfunction and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Congenital Micropenis: Etiology And Management.

In the newborn, penile length is determined by a number of androgen dependent and independent factors. The current literature suggests that there are interracial differences in stretched penile length in the newborn and although congenital micropenis should be defined as a stretched penile length of less than 2.5 SDS of the mean for the corresponding population and gestation, a pragmatic approach would be to evaluate all boys with a stretched penile length below 2 cm, as congenital micropenis can be a marker for a wide range of endocrine conditions.

Society for Endocrinology UK Guidance on the initial evaluation of a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (Revised 2021).

It is paramount that any child or adolescent with a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (DSD) is assessed by an experienced clinician with adequate knowledge about the range of conditions associated with DSD and is discussed with the regional DSD service. In most cases, the paediatric endocrinologist within this service acts as the first point of contact but involvement of the regional multidisciplinary service will also ensure prompt access to specialist psychology and nursing care. The underlying pathophysiology of DSD and the process of delineating this should be discussed with the parents and affected young person with all diagnostic tests undertaken in a timely fashion.

Data and data illustrations supporting the analysis of transcripts from interviews exploring the views and experiences of young men and their parents/guardians regarding testicular health.

Evidence shows young men have poor outcomes from testicular torsion directly attributable to delay in presentation to hospital [1]. Only a third to a half of adolescents present within 6 h with testicular pain, [2,3] There is poor understanding of why adolescents delay in presenting with testicular pain. The authors started without an a-priori hypothesis and designed a thematic qualitative research protocol to explore the phenomena is a naturalistic setting [4,5] .

Why adolescents delay with presentation to hospital with acute testicular pain: A qualitative study.

Background/purpose: Adolescents have poor outcomes following testicular torsion directly attributable to delay from onset of symptoms to presentation to hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to urgent presentation in young men.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were undertaken with young men (11-19 years), using a topic guide exploring issues surrounding testicular pain and health.

PUVs are more common in boys with hypospadias.

Introduction: The association between posterior urethral valves (PUVs) and hypospadias has previously been reported in case reports. After the identification of this twin pathology in a number of patients, a national retrospective review of all patients with this dual diagnosis was performed.

Patients And Methods: All patients were identified in each centre from surgical databases of prospectively collated information on all surgical procedures.

A Systematic Review of Core Outcomes for Hypospadias Surgery.

Although the outcome of hypospadias surgery requires careful scrutiny, there is little consensus on what clinical outcome parameters should be considered essential as part of routine clinical practice. To understand the extent of variation in reported outcome measures, Pubmed was searched to identify outcomes in boys with hypospadias published in the English language from 2008 to 2017. Eligibility criteria were met in 268 publications.

Association Between Extra-Genital Congenital Anomalies and Hypospadias Outcome.

Extra-genital congenital anomalies are often present in cases of hypospadias, but it is unclear whether they have an association with the outcome of hypospadias surgery. The aim of this study was to review all hypospadias cases that had surgery between 2009 and 2015 at a single centre and identify clinical determinants of the surgical outcome. An extra-genital congenital anomaly was reported in 139 (22%) boys and 62 (10%) had more than 1 anomaly.

Society for Endocrinology UK guidance on the initial evaluation of an infant or an adolescent with a suspected disorder of sex development (Revised 2015).

It is paramount that any child or adolescent with a suspected disorder of sex development (DSD) is assessed by an experienced clinician with adequate knowledge about the range of conditions associated with DSD. If there is any doubt, the case should be discussed with the regional DSD team. In most cases, particularly in the case of the newborn, the paediatric endocrinologist within the regional team acts commonly as the first point of contact.

Reverse Tissue Expansion in Gastroschisis: What to do if the Defect is too large to close after Silo Removal?

A female baby with an antenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis was transferred to our institution. The defect was large but the bowel was in good condition and a silo was placed. After successful reduction of the bowel the abdominal wall defect was too large to allow fascial or even skin closure.

The long-term outcome of patients diagnosed with sacrococcygeal teratoma in childhood. A study of a national cohort.

Background/purpose: The improved survival of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) has led to increased awareness of its long-term sequelae. Our aim was to assess the long-term outcome of a national cohort using detailed questionnaires.

Methods: The three paediatric surgery centres in Scotland were contacted to identify all SCT patients ≥5 years of age.

Increased occurrence of disorders of sex development, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction in children with proximal hypospadias associated with undescended testes.

Purpose: Proximal hypospadias represents 20% of hypospadias cases, which are considered to have a higher incidence of associated urological, nonurological, developmental and sexual development disorders, and chromosomal anomalies. We compared associated anomalies in boys with proximal hypospadias and undescended testis with those in boys with proximal hypospadias and descended testes.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 69 boys who underwent 2-stage hypospadias repair for proximal hypospadias at a single institution during the 11-year period of 2001 to 2011.