Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in European children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Functional defecation disorders (FDDs) are common among children worldwide. The prevalence of these disorders has not been clearly described in Europe. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of FDD in European children and assessed geographical, age, and sex distribution and associated factors.

Incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis across Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies have reported large increases in the incidence of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in the last 20 years. We aimed to systematically review the incidence and prevalence of EoE, focused on all European countries.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis up to 31 December 2022, based on PubMed, CINAHL and extensive hand searching of reference lists.

Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease across Europe.

Background: Coeliac disease is one of the most prevalent immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders in children.

Aim: To review the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease, and their trends, regionally across Europe, overall and according to age at diagnosis.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2019, based on PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, searches of grey literature and websites and hand searching of reference lists.

Weekend admissions and mortality for major acute disorders across England and Wales: record linkage cohort studies.

Background: To establish which major disorders are susceptible to increased mortality following acute admissions on weekends, compared with week days, and how this may be explained.

Methods: Cohorts based on national administrative inpatient and mortality data for 14,168,443 hospitalised patients in England and 913,068 in Wales who were admitted for 66 disorders that were associated with at least 200 deaths within 30 days of acute admission. The main outcome measure was the weekend mortality effect (defined as the conventional mortality odds ratio for admissions on weekends compared with week days).

Early and late mortality following unscheduled admissions for severe liver disease across England and Wales.

Background: There is a known shortfall in hepatology service resources across England and Wales.

Aim: To investigate early and late mortality following unscheduled admissions for severe liver disease, overall and by cause of death, and to determine how mortality is related to admissions to transplant centres, transplant surgery, hospital size, consultant specialty, patient socio-demographics, seasonal and geographical factors.

Methods: Cohorts of people with a first unscheduled admission for severe liver disease across England and Wales from 2004, based on record linkage of national inpatient and mortality data.

Crew and passenger deaths from vessel accidents in United Kingdom passenger ships since 1900.

Background: There is very limited systematic analysis of the causes and consequences of maritime accidents across the whole passenger sector during the twentieth century either in United Kingdom (UK) or in other maritime nations, but some of the larger events have been the subject of detailed investigations that led to improved safety measures. In recent years, there has been increased attention to the analysis of passenger ship accidents, especially in relation to the two now dominant markets: vehicle/passenger ferries and cruise ships.

Materials And Methods: Long-term trends since 1900 in passenger and crew deaths on UK seagoing pas- senger ships that have sustained a maritime accident, as defined by Lloyds Register, have been collated and analysed.

Causes and circumstances of maritime casualties and crew fatalities in British merchant shipping since 1925.

Background: To determine the causes and circumstances of vessel accidents that led to fatalities in British merchant shipping since 1925, and among British seafarers who were employed in non-United Kingdom shipping since 1985. Secondly, to establish trends in vessel accidents and crew fatalities, and associations with type of casualty and location, type of ship, cargo carried and season.

Materials And Methods: Reviews of annual mortality returns, marine accident investigation reports, death inquiry files, Lloyd's casualty returns, online newspapers, shipwreck websites and other searches over the period from 1925 to 2017 but excluding 1939 to 1946.

The incidence and aetiology of acute pancreatitis across Europe.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is increasingly one of the most important acute gastrointestinal conditions throughout much of the world, although incidence and aetiology varies across countries and regions. This study investigated regional and national patterns in the incidence and aetiology of acute pancreatitis, demographic patterns in incidence and trends over time in incidence across Europe.

Methods: A structured review of acute pancreatitis incidence and aetiology from studies of hospitalised patient case series, cohort studies or other population based studies from 1989 to 2015 and a review of trends in incidence from 1970 to 2015 across all 51 European states.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials to Ascertain Fatal Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events Attributable to Preventive Low-Dose Aspirin: No Evidence of Increased Risk.

Background: Aspirin has been shown to lower the incidence and the mortality of vascular disease and cancer but its wider adoption appears to be seriously impeded by concerns about gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Unlike heart attacks, stroke and cancer, GI bleeding is an acute event, usually followed by complete recovery. We propose therefore that a more appropriate evaluation of the risk-benefit balance would be based on fatal adverse events, rather than on the incidence of bleeding.

British merchant seafarers 1900-2010: A history of extreme risks of mortality from infectious disease.

Background: This study established trends in major infectious disease mortality in British merchant shipping from 1900 to 2010 as compared with the British male working population and the Royal Navy.

Methods: A population mortality study of six infectious diseases using annual government mortality returns and death inquiry files for British merchant shipping and the Royal Navy, and official mortality data for the general male working aged population.

Findings: Relative mortality risks for each disease were increased significantly in British merchant shipping when compared with the general population; malaria by 58.

Colectomy rates in patients with ulcerative colitis following treatment with infliximab or ciclosporin: a systematic literature review.

This review aimed to compile all available published data on colectomy rates following treatment using infliximab or ciclosporin in adult ulcerative colitis patients and to analyse colectomy rates, timing to colectomy and postcolectomy mortality for each treatment. We systematically reviewed the literature after 1990 reporting colectomy rates in ulcerative colitis patients treated with infliximab or ciclosporin, excluding articles on paediatric patients, patients with indeterminate colitis or Crohn's disease and bowel surgery not related to ulcerative colitis. We presented weighted mean colectomy rates and mortality rates.

The impact of social deprivation on mortality following acute myocardial infarction, stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage: a record linkage study.

Background: The impact of social deprivation on mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is unclear. Our objectives were, firstly, to determine, for each condition, whether there was higher mortality following admission according to social deprivation and secondly, to determine how any higher mortality for deprived groups may be correlated with factors including patient demographics, timing of admission and hospital size.

Methods: Routinely collected, linked hospital inpatient, mortality and primary care data were analysed for patients admitted as an emergency to hospitals in Wales between 2004 and 2011 with AMI (n = 30,663), stroke (37,888) and SAH (1753).

Mortality following Stroke, the Weekend Effect and Related Factors: Record Linkage Study.

Background: Increased mortality following hospitalisation for stroke has been reported from many but not all studies that have investigated a 'weekend effect' for stroke. However, it is not known whether the weekend effect is affected by factors including hospital size, season and patient distance from hospital.

Objective: To assess changes over time in mortality following hospitalisation for stroke and how any increased mortality for admissions on weekends is related to factors including the size of the hospital, seasonal factors and distance from hospital.

Mortality following acute pancreatitis: social deprivation, hospital size and time of admission: record linkage study.

Background: Very little is known about whether mortality following acute pancreatitis may be influenced by the following five factors: social deprivation, week day of admission, recruitment of junior doctors in August each year, European Working Time Directives (EWTDs) for junior doctors' working hours and hospital size. The aim of this study was to establish how mortality following acute pancreatitis may be influenced by these five factors in a large cohort study.

Methods: Systematic record linkage of inpatient, mortality and primary care data for 10 589 cases of acute pancreatitis in Wales, UK (population 3.

Randomised controlled trial. Comparison Of iNfliximab and ciclosporin in STeroid Resistant Ulcerative Colitis: Trial design and protocol (CONSTRUCT).

Introduction: Many patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) present with acute exacerbations needing hospital admission. Treatment includes intravenous steroids but up to 40% of patients do not respond and require emergency colectomy. Mortality following emergency colectomy has fallen, but 10% of patients still die within 3 months of surgery.

Fatalities in recreational boating and sub-aqua diving.

Background And Aim: To establish the causes and circumstances of fatalities in recreational boating and sub-aqua diving inland or around the United Kingdom during the years 2006 and 2007, to comparefatal accident rates according to the type of boat, to identify causal patterns, and to discuss preventative measures to reduce the fatalities.

Materials And Methods: Examinations of marine accident files and reports from the Marine Accident Investigation Branch and other sources, including the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Maritime and Coastguard Agency, Association of Inland Navigation Authorities and the British Sub-Aqua Diving Club.

Results: There were 102 fatalities in recreational boating and 28 in sub-aqua diving with corresponding fatal accident rates of 12.

Prognosis following upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common, high risk emergency disorders in the western world. Almost nothing has been reported on longer term prognosis following upper GI bleeding. The aim of this study was to establish mortality up to three years following hospital admission with upper GI bleeding and its relationship with aetiology, co-morbidities and socio-demographic factors.

Sudden cardiac event on a sea-going ship and recognition of a work-related accident.

OBJECTIVES. Evaluation of the effect of selected work environment factors on a sea-going ship on the occurrence of a sudden cardiac event and its recognition as a work-related accident. BACKGROUND.