Success of amoxicillin challenges in the emergency department for children with low risk of serious reactions.

Objective: This study aimed to address the overdiagnosis of penicillin allergies in the pediatric population, which leads to less effective antibiotic usage. We investigated the effectiveness of standardized oral amoxicillin challenges in the emergency departments (EDs) of pediatric patients with previous reactions but a low risk for serious reactions.

Methods: Children under 18 years of age who reported allergy to any penicillin presenting to the ED of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, with a clinical requirement for amoxicillin treatment were included if their risk of anaphylaxis was judged to be low.

From marginal croplands to natural habitats: A methodological framework for assessing the restoration potential to enhance wild-bee pollination in agricultural landscapes.

Context: Intensive agriculture increases crop yields, but harms biodiversity and associated ecosystem services such as pollination. To sustain wild-bee pollination in intensive agricultural landscapes, a minimum of (semi-) natural habitat is needed in the vicinity of crop fields. However, restoration of (semi-) natural habitat is a challenge, especially when most land is allocated to commodity production.

Above and belowground carbon stocks among organic soil wetland types, accounting for peat bathymetry.

Wetlands are widely recognized for their carbon (C) sequestration capacity and importance at mitigating climate change. Yet, to best inform regional conservation planning, the variability of C stocks among wetland types and between above and belowground compartments requires further investigation. Additionally, the bathymetry of peat basins has often been ignored, with soil C stock calculations mostly relying on the thickest peat section, potentially leading to overestimates.

Aerosol Box Use in Reducing Health Care Worker Contamination During Airway Procedures (AIRWAY) Study: Secondary Workload and Provider Outcomes in a Simulation-Based Trial.

Objectives: An aerosol box aims to reduce the risk of healthcare provider (HCP) exposure to infections during aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs), but little is known about its impact on workload of team members. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of aerosol box use on patterns of HCP contamination during AGMPs. The objectives of this study are to: 1) evaluate the effect of aerosol box use on HCP workload, 2) identify factors associated with HCP workload when using an aerosol box, and 3) describe the challenges perceived by HCPs of aerosol box use.

Aerosol Box Use in Reducing Health Care Worker Contamination During Airway Procedures (AIRWAY Study): A Simulation-Based Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The aerosol box has been used during the management of patients with COVID-19 to reduce health care practitioner (HCP) exposure during aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMPs). Little is known about the effect of aerosol box use on HCP contamination and AGMP procedure time.

Objective: To investigate whether use of an aerosol box during AGMPs reduces HCP contamination or influences the time to successful completion and first-pass success rate for endotracheal intubation (ETI) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion.

Factors Influencing Parental Decision-Making Regarding Analgesia for Children with Musculoskeletal Injury-Related Pain: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To explore and understand parental decision-making relating to acute pain management for their children presenting to the emergency department.

Study Design: This study employed one-on-one semistructured interviews. Parents of children with acute musculoskeletal injuries were recruited from 3 Canadian pediatric emergency departments.

Setting Targets for Wetland Restoration to Mitigate Climate Change Effects on Watershed Hydrology.

How much wetland we should protect or restore is not a simple question, such that conservation targets are often set according to political agendas, then standardized globally. However, given their key regulating hydrological functions, wetlands represent nature-based solutions to the anticipated, exacerbating effect of climate change on drought and flood events, which will vary at the regional scale. Here, we propose a science-based approach to establishing regional wetland restoration targets centered on their hydrological functions, using a case study on several sub-watersheds of a northern temperate basin in south-eastern Canada.

Vegetation changes in temperate ombrotrophic peatlands over a 35 year period.

Global changes in climate and land use are occurring at an unprecedented rate, often triggering drastic shifts in plant communities. This study aims to reconstruct the changes that occurred over 35 years in the plant communities of temperate bogs subjected to indirect human-induced disturbances. In 2015-17, we resurveyed the vascular flora of 76 plots located in 16 bogs of southern Québec (Canada) first sampled in 1982.

Ex situ germination as a method for seed viability assessment in a peatland orchid, Platanthera blephariglottis.

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Premise Of The Study: Assessing seed quality in orchids has been hindered by stringent germination requirements. Seed quality has traditionally been assessed in orchids using in vitro or in situ germination protocols or viability staining. However, these methods are not always well suited for rapid assessment of viability in the context of ecological studies.

Functional responses and resilience of boreal forest ecosystem after reduction of deer density.

The functional trait-based approach is increasingly used to predict responses of ecological communities to disturbances, but most studies target a single taxonomic group. Here, we assessed the resilience of a forest ecosystem to an overabundant herbivore population by assessing changes in 19 functional traits for plant, 13 traits for ground beetle and 16 traits for songbird communities after six years of controlled browsing on Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada). Our results indicated that plants were more responsive to 6 years of reduced browsing pressure than ground beetles and songbirds.

Environmental factors explaining the vegetation patterns in a temperate peatland.

Although ombrotrophic temperate peatlands are important ecosystems for maintaining biodiversity in eastern North America, the environmental factors influencing their flora are only partly understood. The relationships between plant species distribution and environmental factors were thus studied within the oldest temperate peatland of Québec. Plant assemblages were identified by cluster analysis while CCA was used to related vegetation gradients to environmental factors.

De novo STXBP1 mutations in mental retardation and nonsyndromic epilepsy.

We sequenced genes coding for components of the SNARE complex (STX1A, VAMP2, SNAP25) and their regulatory proteins (STXBP1/Munc18-1, SYT1), which are essential for neurotransmission, in 95 patients with idiopathic mental retardation. We identified de novo mutations in STXBP1 (nonsense, p.R388X; splicing, c.

Mutations in SYNGAP1 in autosomal nonsyndromic mental retardation.

Although autosomal forms of nonsyndromic mental retardation account for the majority of cases of mental retardation, the genes that are involved remain largely unknown. We sequenced the autosomal gene SYNGAP1, which encodes a ras GTPase-activating protein that is critical for cognition and synapse function, in 94 patients with nonsyndromic mental retardation. We identified de novo truncating mutations (K138X, R579X, and L813RfsX22) in three of these patients.