AI - one size fits all?

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine requires a careful selection of suitable models, as there is no universal "one size fits all" method. While linear regression is convincing due to its simplicity and interpretability, it is limited due to the assumption of linearity and susceptibility to multicollinearity and outliers. More complex approaches such as neural networks show their strengths in the detection of non-linear patterns and automatic feature extraction but require large amounts of data, high computing capacity, and suffer from limited explainability.

Different CMV-specific effector T cell subtypes are associated with age, CMV serostatus, and increased systolic blood pressure.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common infections in humans, and CMV antigens are the major drivers of repetitive T-cell stimulation as a part of a well-adapted immune response in immunocompetent individuals. With higher age, the recurrent clonal expansion of CMV-specific T cells results in high frequencies of CMV-specific effector T cells. Further on, CMV seropositivity has been linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Collagen XXIII (COL23A1): A novel risk factor for eczema herpeticum.

Background: Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a potentially life-threatening disseminated skin infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) in a subset of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). The occurrence of EH in a subset of patients with AD and its frequent recurrence imply the importance of genetic factors in its pathogenesis.

Objective: We sought to identify novel genetic risk factors for EH and to study their impact on HSV-1 infection.

Subclinical inflammation precedes atopic dermatitis relapses.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a widespread inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by disease recurrence, even after successful treatment. Past clinical research has mainly focused on understanding the active disease state as opposed to what drives and triggers AD relapses in the first place.

Objectives: We sought to elucidate the unknown molecular mechanisms behind AD relapses.

Ablation of the deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD) augments STAT1-mediated M1 macrophage polarization and fosters control.

In atopic dermatitis (AD), lesional skin is frequently colonized by , which promotes clinical symptoms of the disease. The inflammatory milieu in the skin is characterized by a Th2 response, including M2 macrophages, which cannot eradicate . Therefore, repolarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype may foster control of .

Patients' preferences on atopic dermatitis skincare and social media use: a qualitative study.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiology, necessitating strict therapeutic management. Over-the-counter products play a crucial role in AD treatment. The emergence of social media (SM) as a vast information source for skincare and healthy lifestyle has transformed its role from mere entertainment.

Histamine and Th2 cytokines independently and synergistically upregulate MMP12 expression in human M2 macrophages.

Beyond Th2 cells and various immune cells, M2 macrophages have been identified in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) indicating their involvement in the disease's underlying mechanisms. MMP12, a matrix-degrading enzyme, which is predominantly produced by macrophages, is increased in skin lesions of AD patients. In this study we investigated the expression of MMP12 mRNA in lesional AD skin at single cell level through RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and the expression of MMP12 in M2 macrophages from healthy individuals and AD patients in response to Th2 cytokines and histamine using quantitative PCR and ELISA.

The RESIST Senior Individuals Cohort: Design, participant characteristics and aims.

The number of older adults worldwide is growing exponentially. However, while living longer, older individuals are more susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases, at least in part due to alterations of the immune system. Here, we report on a prospective cohort study investigating the influence of age on immune responses and susceptibility to infection.

Toll-Like Receptor 8 is Expressed in Monocytes in Contrast to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Mediates Aberrant Interleukin-10 Responses in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe rheumatic disease causing fibrotic tissue rearrangement. Aberrant toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 transcripts in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were recently linked to SSc pathogenesis, which is at least partially mediated by increased type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Here, we addressed the functional role of TLR8 signaling in different immune cell subsets of patients with SSc.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals 2D cytokine assay can model atopic dermatitis more accurately than immune-competent 3D setup.

Modelling atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro is paramount to understand the disease pathophysiology and identify novel treatments. Previous studies have shown that the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 induce AD-like features in keratinocytes in vitro. However, it has not been systematically researched whether the addition of Th2 cells, their supernatants or a 3D structure is superior to model AD compared to simple 2D cell culture with cytokines.

Obesity is linked to disease severity in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis-Data from the prospective observational TREATgermany registry.

Background: There are conflicting data on a potential association between obesity and atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and AD disease severity.

Methods: Patients from the TREATgermany registry cohort were divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI).

Hand eczema symptoms, exposures and skin care in orthodontics : A national, cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey.

Objectives: Occupational hand eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition among healthcare professionals. Orthodontists are frequently exposed to a variety of irritating and allergenic substances, and therefore they belong to a predisposed group to develop hand eczema. However, current data on the prevalence and predisposing factors among orthodontists to provide adequate prophylaxis are lacking.

Symptom severity reflected by NYHA grade is independently associated with pruritus in chronic heart failure patients.

Background: Pruritus is a symptom profoundly impairing patients' quality of life (QoL). It is a common symptom in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients of yet unknown nature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of pruritus in CHF patients.