High-density lipoproteins. Part 2. Impact of disease states on functionality.

In contrast to low-density lipoproteins which are atherogenic, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been conceptualized as beneficial modulators of adverse pathophysiological phenomena along arterial walls. The HDLs are characterized by highly complex and varied molecular cargoes that include apoproteins, enzymes, microRNAs, bioactive lipids and phospholipids, components of complement, and immune factors, among others. These cargo components determine its functionality.

Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in poland: results from the comprehensive cardiovascular risk prevention program.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally and in Poland. This study assessed the prevalence and trends of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the Polish population over time.

Methods: Data from 705,399 individuals aged 35-55 years enrolled in a CVD prevention program (2012-2021) were analyzed.

Prognostic analysis of BMI, nutritional risk score (NRS2002), age, and heart failure in in-hospital mortality: An examination of interactions in acute myocardial infarction patients.

Background And Aim: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of Body Mass Index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Score (NRS2002), age, and heart failure (HF), along with their key interactions, in predicting in-hospital mortality in AMI patients.

Methods And Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 945 AMI patients hospitalized between January 2017 and June 2021.

High-density lipoproteins, Part 1. Epidemiology, antiatherogenic effects, and therapies designed to increase their serum levels.

Historically high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been viewed as antiatherogenic and beneficial. This conclusion was based on early prospective longitudinal cohorts and the broad functionality of these lipoproteins which include reverse cholesterol transport as well as activities that antagonize oxidation, inflammation, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction. It is also a key participant in immunity, engages in glucose homeostasis, and is a critical vehicle for microRNA translocation between tissues.

The Visceral Adiposity Index and Its Usefulness in the Prediction of Cardiometabolic Disorders.

Obesity is currently one of the most critical public health problems. Although there is no doubt that obesity is a significant risk factor for developing metabolic disorders, this relationship is not completely straightforward. On the one hand, some patients affected by obesity are metabolically unhealthy, while others are metabolically healthy; on the other hand, metabolic syndrome (MetS) can also occur in people with a normal body weight.

Effective implementation of preventive cardiology guidelines: pathways to success.

This review highlights the importance of implementing preventive cardiology guidelines-both for primary and secondary prevention-to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. Despite the availability of comprehensive guidelines, adherence remains suboptimal, resulting in a persistent gap between evidence-based recommendations and real-world clinical practice. To address this, we conducted a narrative review of studies published between January 2010 and March 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

ANGPTL3 vital role in different kidney diseases. Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Accumulating evidence has shown that angiopoietin-like-3 (ANGPTL3) plays pivotal roles in biological processes and pathological changes, including kidney diseases. ANGPTL3 expression is overexpressed in patients with proteinuria and glomerular disease. ANGPTL3 up-regulation increases podocyte motility via changes in the expression of nephrin and inducing f-Actin rearrangement, and its suppression mitigates pathological changes in kidney diseases via reducing the apoptotic cells, detached cells, and podocyte loss.

Sex differences in the association between nutritional status and in-hospital mortality in HFpEF patients.

Aims: The study aimed to assess whether the effect of nutritional risk score (NRS-2002) on the odds of in-hospital mortality would be modulated by sex and body mass index (BMI) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods And Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 234 patients admitted with acute heart failure, in whom HFpEF was identified as the underlying diagnosis, during the period 08.2018-08.

Rosuvastatin-based combination treatment with acetylsalicylic acid or ezetimibe in the management of patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk. Expert opinion paper of the Polish Lipid Association 2025.

Lipid disorders are the most common risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Poland, where it is responsible for up to 200,000 deaths per year, with the number of myocardial infarctions and strokes reaching 80,000 annually and 25% of people dying within 3 years after a myocardial infarction. Despite the availability of effective drugs, the level of control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is low, at only about 20% among high- and very high-risk patients, who often require combination lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) with a potent statin (e.g.

Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions.

: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stay in patients with HT, focusing on key biochemical and clinical predictors. : This retrospective study included 356 adult patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between January 2017 and June 2021.

Upfront lipid-lowering combination therapy in high cardiovascular risk patients: a route to effective atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.

Despite three decades of using statin therapy, 20 years of experience with ezetimbe, and availability of innovative non-statin lipid lowering therapies (LLT), there are still about 70% patients over the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal, with every 5th to 6th being over the target from the group of very high and extremely high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk patients. Adding another even every 5th patient at very high CVD risk without any LLT makes this situation highly frustrating, especially lipid disorders are the most common CVD risk factor with the prevalence of over 60%, with the worst awareness within all cardiovascular risk factors (only about 15% people knows their LDL-C level). To answer this since 2021, there is an approach to apply upfront (immediate) lipid-lowering combination therapy of statin and ezetimibe in very high and extremely high-risk patients to be on the LDL-C target as low as possible, but especially as early as possible, enabling to introduce the third line therapy (i.

The prevention opportunities of retinopathy in diabetic patients - position paper endorsed by the Polish Lipid Association.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention does not only mean effective fight against the existing and well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors, but also against their complications, including micro- and macrovascular complications. Only then we might comprehensively reduce CVD burden and cardiovascular and cause-specific morbidity and mortality. In relation to obesity, prediabetes and especially diabetes, we recognize a number of potential dangerous non-cardiovascular complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy.

Management of children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide: a meta-analysis.

Aims: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) is one of the most frequent monogenic disorders in the world, leading to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and achievement of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal in children with HeFH.

Methods And Results: The main endpoint was efficacy of goal achievement for LDL-C and other lipid parameters: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a), and the LLT safety [adverse events (AEs), including endocrine function, and growth indices].

Integrating frailty interventions into existing care models: a comprehensive approach to enhancing patient outcomes in chronic disease management.

Frailty syndrome (FS) is a complex and multifaceted condition commonly observed in old adults patients with chronic diseases, often accompanied by cognitive impairments. This review explores the integration of frailty interventions into existing care models to improve patient outcomes, focusing on four key areas. First, it emphasizes the importance of comprehensive assessment tools to identify frailty and cognitive impairments early, facilitating targeted care planning.

The relationship between frailty syndrome and quality of life in patients with hypertension: a multidimensional analysis.

Background: Hypertension is a common condition among the elderly and is frequently accompanied by frailty syndrome (FS). The coexistence of hypertension and FS poses significant challenges in patient management and negatively impacts the quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between FS and QoL in elderly patients with suspected hypertension.

Sex Differences in the Impact of BMI on Length of Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients Admitted to a Cardiology Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background And Purpose: Body mass index (BMI), as a straightforward measure, is widely used in clinical practice, and its results are linked to HT and patient prognosis. This study aimed to ascertain if sex differences exist in the prognostic significance of BMI at the time of admission to the cardiology unit, and how this impacts the LOHS for patients suffering from hypertension.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 486 patients admitted urgently with a diagnosis of HT to the Cardiology Department at University Hospital in Wroclaw (Poland) between January 2017 and June 2021 was conducted.

Association of Body Mass Index with Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting up to 2% of the adult population worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with various cardiovascular diseases, understanding its role in HFrEF outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Lipoprotein (a) and lipid-lowering treatment from the perspective of a cardiac surgeon. An impact on the prognosis in patients with aortic valve replacement and after heart transplantation.

Lipoprotein(a) is a recognized risk factor for ASCVD. There is still no targeted therapy for Lp(a), however, drugs such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, zerlasiran, lepodisiran and muvalaplin are in clinical trials and have been shown to be effective in significantly reducing Lp(a) levels. Moreover, elevated Lp(a) levels significantly affect the prognosis of patients after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and heart transplantation (HTx).