Maternal BMI and Diagnostic Accuracy of Using Estimated Fetal Growth to Predict Abnormal Birthweight: Results from NICHD Fetal Growth Studies.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in predicting small (SGA)- or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight and examine whether the accuracy is associated with maternal body mass index (BMI). The participants of NICHD Fetal Growth Studies with complete data on maternal BMI (10-13.9 weeks), EFW within 14 days of delivery (18-41.

Impact of Methodological Assumptions and Covariates on the Cutoff Estimation in ROC Analysis.

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve stands as a cornerstone in assessing the efficacy of biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Beyond merely evaluating performance, it provides with an optimal cutoff for biomarker values, crucial for disease categorization. While diverse methodologies exist for cutoff estimation, less attention has been paid to integrating covariate impact into this process.

Risk Factors Associated With Late-Onset Epilepsy in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Importance: The risk of developing epilepsy substantially increases after the age of 60 years (late-onset epilepsy [LOE]), particularly in people with cognitive decline ([PWCD] ie, dementia and/or mild cognitive impairment). Epilepsy is associated with worse cognitive and mortality outcomes in PWCD. Identifying PWCD at risk for developing LOE can facilitate early screening and treatment of epilepsy.

Is low-intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction a durable treatment option?-long-term outcomes of a randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiSWT) is an emerging non-invasive and restorative therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) with demonstrated efficacy and few adverse events. Although LiSWT has been shown to improve erectile function amongst men with ED, few studies have examined its long-term durability. We present the long-term results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing erectile function after LiSWT.

Association of Seizure Control with Mortality, Cognition, and Function in People With Dementia.

Objectives: The effects of seizure control on outcomes in persons with dementia (PWD) remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of seizure control on mortality, function, cognition, and mood among PWD.

Methods: This longitudinal, multicenter study is based on 39 Alzheimer's disease centers (ADCs) in the United States from September 2005 to December 2021.

A placement-value based approach to concave ROC analysis.

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is an important graphic tool for evaluating a test in a wide range of disciplines. While useful, an ROC curve can cross the chance line, either by having an S-shape or a hook at the extreme specificity. These non-concave ROC curves are sub-optimal according to decision theory, as there are points that are superior than those corresponding to the portions below the chance line with either the same sensitivity or specificity.

Immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted protein vaccine candidate (LecA+GLA-3M-052 liposomes) in rhesus macaques.

, the causative agent of amebiasis, is one of the top three parasitic causes of mortality worldwide. However, no vaccine exists against amebiasis. Using a lead candidate vaccine containing the LecA fragment of Gal-lectin and GLA-3M-052 liposome adjuvant, we immunized rhesus macaques via intranasal or intramuscular routes.

Comparison of In-person Versus Online Comprehensive Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Program Following Prostatectomy.

Objective: To compare continence outcomes in post-prostatectomy patients undergoing supervised in-person versus online pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic floor education (iPMFT vs oPFMT/PFE). Despite the proven benefit of in-person PFMT for urinary incontinence (UI) following prostatectomy, numerous barriers impede access. We developed a comprehensive online program to deliver oPFMT/PFE.

National Hospitalization Rates and In-Hospital Mortality Rates of HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections in the United States, 2011-2018.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related opportunistic infections (OIs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). US hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates associated with OIs have not been published using data from the past decade.

Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample for the years 2011 through 2018.

Indications for continuous electroencephalographic (cEEG) monitoring: What do they tell us?

Objective: While studies have explored clinical and EEG predictors of seizures on continuous EEG (cEEG), the role of cEEG indications as predictors of seizures has not been studied. Our study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

Methods: We used the prospective cEEG database at Cleveland Clinic for the 2016 calendar year.

Estimation of multiple ordered ROC curves using placement values.

In many diagnostic accuracy studies, orders may be available on multiple receiver operating characteristic curves. For example, being closer to delivery, fetal ultrasound measures in the third trimester should be no less accurate than those in the second trimester in predicting small-for-gestational-age births. Such an order should be incorporated in estimating receiver operating characteristic curves and associated summary accuracy statistics, as it can potentially improve statistical efficiency of these estimates.

Discriminatory capacity of prenatal ultrasound measures for large-for-gestational-age birth: A Bayesian approach to ROC analysis using placement values.

Predicting large fetuses at birth is of great interest to obstetricians. Using an NICHD Scandinavian Study that collected longitudinal ultrasound examination data during pregnancy, we estimate diagnostic accuracy parameters of estimated fetal weight (EFW) at various times during pregnancy in predicting large-for-gestational-age. We adopt a placement value based Bayesian regression model with random effects to estimate ROC curves.

A note on modeling placement values in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves.

Recent advances in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses advocate modeling of placement value (PV), a quantity that measures the position of diseased test scores relative to the healthy population. Compared to traditional approaches, this PV-based alternative works directly with ROC curves and is attractive when assessing covariate effects on, or incorporating constraints of, ROC curves. Several distributions can be used to model the PV, yet little guidelines exist in the literature on which to use.

Preoperative Functional Platelet Number Is Inversely Associated With 30-Day Mortality After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

. We hypothesize that preoperative functional platelet number (platelet count multiplied by platelet aggregation percentage) are associated with 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery. .

Cefdinir Use in the Kentucky Medicaid Population: A Priority for Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Cefdinir is frequently prescribed for pediatric infections despite lack of first-line indications. We reviewed Kentucky Medicaid claims from 2012 through 2016. Cefdinir prescriptions and spending significantly increased over the study period.

Longitudinal Trends in the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Stimulant Use in Preschool Children on Medicaid.

Objectives: To describe trends in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prescribing of stimulants in preschool-age children receiving Medicaid and to identify factors associated with the receipt of psychosocial care.

Study Design: Data were extracted from 2012-2016 Kentucky Medicaid claims for children aged <6 years. ADHD was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F90.

Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Level Predicts 30-Day Mortality Rate After Left Ventricular Assist Device Surgery.

Objective: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery is complex, high risk, and expensive. The authors' hypothesis is baseline regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) might be a predictor of postoperative clinical outcomes.

Design: Retrospective review of 210 consecutive continuous flow LVAD patients between 2008 and 2014.