Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely utilized in biomedical sensing, environmental monitoring, and imaging due to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance, which is highly sensitive to aggregation dynamics. Understanding the factors governing GNP aggregation is crucial for optimizing plasmonic sensors and enhancing detection methodologies. Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), a strong chaotropic agent, influences nanoparticle stability and aggregation, yet its direct role in modulating GNP assembly remains largely unexplored.
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