Spatial profiling reveals TREM2+ macrophages as central to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in human pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge. While organized granulomas have long been the focus of TB pathogenesis research, the early development of TB pneumonia typically preceding granuloma formation has been underexplored. Using spatial transcriptomics, high-resolution proteomics, and scRNA-seq on human pulmonary TB lesions, we reveal a striking compartmentalization of immune responses between early pneumonia and mature granulomas.

Infliximab-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report.

As medical treatments advance, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) becomes more prevalent, occurring at a rate of 14 to 19 cases per 100,000 individuals. We present a unique case of a female patient with Crohn's disease developing autoimmune-like hepatitis during infliximab treatment. Autoimmune-like hepatitis can pose diagnostic challenges when distinguishing it from idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis.

FGFR3 gene mutations screening in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in the Tunisian population.

Background: Mutations occurring in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR3) gene are thought to be associated with the incidence and prognosis of non-muscle invasive bladder tumors (NMIBC). Yet, their prognostic significance in the Tunisian population remains unclear. Herein, we aim to investigate their prognostic impact in NMIBC in terms of recurrence, progression, and survival.

Unexpected placental tumor: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Placental non-trophoblastic tumors (PNTT) are uncommon, consisting mainly of chorangiomas, placental teratomas (PT) and haemangiomas. PT are exceedingly rare, with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. We, herein, present a case of mature PT arising within the membranes, and we aim to discuss the clinico-pathological characteristics of this rare entity.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition dysregulation in prostate cancer: Insights from molecular unraveling and epidemiological analyses in Tunisia, North Africa.

Introduction: The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) has been linked worldwide, including in African populations, to the dysregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods: To clarify the connection among EMT markers, clinicopathological parameters, and epidemiological factors, we analyzed 35 PCa specimens from patients in Tunisia, a country in North Africa, arranged by stages. We also carried out extensive molecular and epidemiological analyses.

An insight into the diagnostic, prognostic, and taxanes resistance of double zinc finger and homeodomain factors expression in naïve prostate cancer.

Unlabelled: Currently, clinical biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management to guide personal therapy for cancer. In this study, we investigate the deregulation of in prostate cancer (PC) Tunisian patients. Expression patterns of the were investigated in prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostate biopsies using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and 2-ΔΔCt method.

Co-expression of Twist and Snai1: predictor of poor prognosis and biomarker of treatment resistance in untreated prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most complex tumors in men. The assessment of gene expression is expected to have a profound impact on cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors Twist and Snai1 in the treatment of naïve prostate cancer.

HBHA-IGRA and cytotoxic mediators release assays for the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL), the most frequent extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, is currently a major health problem in Tunisia and in several regions around the world. CTL diagnosis is challenging mainly due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease and the potential misdiagnosis as cervical non-tuberculous lymphadenitis. This study demonstrates the added value of the heparin-binding hemagglutinin-interferon-gamma release assay as an immunoassay in the context of CTL.

Correlation between E-cadherin/β-catenin, Vimentin expression, clinicopathologic features and drug resistance prediction in naïve prostate cancer: A molecular and clinical study.

Although epithelial-mesenchymal markers play an important role in prostate cancer (PC), further research is needed to better understand their utility in diagnosis, cancer progression prevention, and treatment resistance prediction. Our study included 111 PC patients who underwent transurethral resection, as well as 16 healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Vimentin.

Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as lupus erythematosus tumidus and lupus nephritis: a case report.

Background: Lupus nephritis and lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) are uncommon manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their coexistence as the initial presentation of SLE is exceedingly rare. Here, we report such a case, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic implications of this unusual association.

Case Report: A 38-year-old North African woman presented in Nephrology department with a history of lower extremity edema, fatigue, and weight loss of 3 kg in 4 weeks.

Pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant imatinib of a gastric stromal tumor with concomitant mutations in : A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: We report the first case of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant imatinib in a gastric stromal tumor harboring mutations in both exons 11 and 9. The significance of this co-occurrence is unknown and might increase the responsiveness of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to imatinib.

Abstract: pCR of GIST to neoadjuvant imatinib is rare.

Fatal cerebral sinus thrombosis associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in a child.

Cerebral sinus thrombosis (CST) is an uncommon condition in children with a variable clinical presentation which has rarely been described in the setting of diabetic ketoacidosis. We present the case of 14-year-old child in whom lateral sinus thrombosis was caused by dehydration complicating ketoacidosis in a previously undiagnosed type 1 diabetes. The diagnosis of the CST was established during the autopsy due to the rapidity of the neurological deterioration.

PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer: A Tunisian series.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 in breast cancers (BCs) and their association with clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods: Mutational analysis of PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 was performed by Sanger sequencing in 54 primary BCs of Tunisian women. The associations of PIK3CA mutations with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.

Pathologically confirmed women's breast cancer: A descriptive study of Tunisian and Algerian series.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy among women in Tunisia and Algeria. Clinical and pathological characteristics of this cancer among these populations are not widely reported. The aim of the study was to report clinical and pathological characteristics of women's BC in a Tunisian and Algerian series.

Unusual bone localization of sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic lesions: case report and review of literature.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown origin. Diagnosis remains challenging, based on organ site involvement, histological confirmation of non-caseating granuloma and an appropriate clinical syndrome. Granulomatous bone involvement is rare and may be ignored because it is usually asymptomatic.

Tophaceous gout in a young man with Gitelman syndrome: a case report with an overview.

Gitelman syndrome represents the clinical manifestations of inactivation of the Slc12a3 genes encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter and the Trpm6-Mg genes encoding the magnesium transporters in the distal convoluted tubule. In fact, the biochemical findings resemble those with thiazide diuretics such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalciuria, metabolic alkalosis, and low normal blood pressure. He is usually associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition.

A lesion of the patella: An unexpected location of Rosai-Dorfman disease: A case report.

Introduction: Primary osseous Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and benign disease that can pose diagnosis challenges.

Presentation Of The Case: We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with pain in her left patellar region for the past 6 months with no other clinical sign especially no lymphadenopathy associated. A surgical excision was done.

Melanotic lupus erythematosus: A review of a newly described clinical form of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Melanotic lupus erythematosus (LE) is a rare and newly described form of chronic cutaneous LE. In this review, we have synthesized existing data on the epidemiologic, clinical, histologic, and immunologic features of melanotic LE. We performed a systematic review using PubMed to identify eligible publications.

An insight into the diagnostic and prognostic value of HOX A13's expression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Several studies have interrogated the molecular pathways and their interacting genes underlying bladder cancer (BCa) tumorigenesis, yet, the role of homeobox genes is still poorly understood. Specifically, HOXA13, which plays an important role as a major actor in the urogenital tract's development.

Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to inspect the differential expression of HOXA13 protein in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and non-tumoral tissues.

Sudden death due to a massive hydatid pulmonary embolism secondary to a cardiac cyst rupture.

Cardiac echinococcosis is rare, and its clinical evolution is slow and asymptomatic until complications occur such as sudden death. Although more frequent in endemic countries, hydatid disease should be known by forensic specialists with regard to the migration flows of people from zones with high endemicity and who are likely to die from infection. We report an autopsy case of a 33-year-old male without any medical history who presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath, chest tightness, tingling all over the body and faintness without fever.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A Case report and literature review.

Common clinical features of COVID-19 are increasingly known but cutaneous manifestations are rarely described among healthcare workers. A review of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 especially among healthcare workers (HCW) is thus required. The aim of our current study was to provide a comprehensive review of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 among HCW through six case reports and a literature review.