TIGIT expression on natural killer cell subsets is an early indicator of alleviating liver inflammation following bulevirtide treatment in chronic hepatitis D.

Background And Aims: Bulevirtide (BLV) is a novel and the only approved treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD). BLV alleviates liver inflammation early during treatment when only minor HDV RNA changes are observed. We hypothesized that BLV treatment may influence immune cells in patients with CHD and performed a high-resolution analysis of natural killer (NK) cells before and during BLV therapy.

Imprint of unconventional T-cell response in acute hepatitis C persists despite successful early antiviral treatment.

Unconventional T cells (UTCs) are a heterogeneous group of T cells that typically exhibit rapid responses toward specific antigens from pathogens. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes dysfunction of several subsets of UTCs. This altered phenotype and function of UTCs can persist over time even after direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-mediated clearance of chronic HCV.

Prospects and Challenges for T Cell-Based Therapies of HCC.

The scope of therapeutic options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has recently been expanded by immunotherapeutic regimens. T cell-based therapies, especially in combination with other treatments have achieved far better outcomes compared to conventional treatments alone. However, there is an emerging body of evidence that eliciting T cell responses in immunotherapeutic approaches is insufficient for favorable outcomes.