High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Memory Deficits in Obese Mice by Enhancing Osteocalcin-Driven Astrocytic BDNF Expression and Stimulating Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

Obesity contributes to cognitive disorders, particularly memory impairment. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological approach for enhancing weight management and promoting brain health. Especially, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) yields results comparable to or even exceeding those of traditional aerobic exercises.

Species Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Enterotoxin Profiles of Non- Staphylococci Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses in Korea.

Although non- staphylococci (NAS), such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), can substantially affect human and animal health, information on NAS species distribution in poultry slaughterhouses and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles is limited. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of NAS species and AMR profiles of NAS isolates collected from poultry slaughterhouses, including chicken carcasses and facility environments. In total, 100 NAS isolates were collected from six poultry slaughterhouses in Korea.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of in the livestock industry in South Korea under a One Health perspective.

The emergence and global spread of the antimicrobial-resistant pose a significant public health challenge. Despite extensive research on clinical isolates, data on outside of hospital settings, particularly in livestock, remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of within the livestock production chain in South Korea, including farms, slaughterhouses, and markets.

Emergence and Clonal Spread of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Infantis Carrying pESI Megaplasmids in Korean Retail Poultry Meat.

is a major cause of foodborne illnesses, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains posing significant threats to public health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of , focusing on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in retail poultry meat in Korea. : A total of 300 poultry meat samples were collected nationwide from retail markets.

Novel Variants of SCC Type IX Identified in Clonal Complex 398 Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant from Pork Production Systems in Korea.

: The occurrence of novel variants of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) has frequently been reported, posing significant zoonotic concern worldwide. In this study, the occurrence of novel types of SCC IX elements was identified in two clonal complex (CC) 398 LA-MRSA strains derived from a pig farm and a slaughterhouse in Korea. : Whole-genome sequence analysis of the two CC398 MRSA-SCC IX strains, designated KF1A-1172 and JS1E-122, revealed that these strains are most closely related to previously characterized strains of CC398 LA-MRSA carrying SCC V isolated from pig farms in Korea.

Dietary Patterns, Kidney Function, and Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function. It is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes, including falls, disability, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The progression of CKD leads to metabolic disturbances and pathophysiological changes.

Association of Handgrip Strength and Nutritional Status in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Results from the KNOW-CKD Study.

Handgrip strength (HGS) is suggested as an indirect assessment of nutritional status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but evidence is limited for non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients. This cross-sectional study included 404 patients from the Phase II KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With CKD. HGS, measured twice in each hand, was the exposure, and malnutrition status was defined by a malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) of 6 or higher.

Ketogenic diet preserves muscle mass and strength in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is often associated with reduced muscle mass and function. The ketogenic diet (KD) may improve muscle mass and function via the induction of nutritional ketosis. To test whether the KD is able to preserve muscle mass and strength in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), C57BL/6J mice were assigned to lean control, diabetes control, and KD groups.

Detection and characterization of potential virulence determinants in and strains isolated from canine otitis externa in Korea.

Background: A recent increase in the occurrence of canine skin and soft tissue infections, including otitis externa and pyoderma, caused by antimicrobial-resistant and has become a significant public and veterinary health issues.

Objective: We investigated the virulence potentials associated with the occurrence of canine otitis externa in and

Methods: In this study, the prevalence of genes encoding leukocidins, exfoliative toxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was investigated using previously characterized (n = 26) and (n = 19) isolates derived from canine otitis externa. Susceptibility to cathelicidins (K9CATH and PMAP-36) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) was also examined in both staphylococcal species.

Species Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non- Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Broilers, Farm Environments, and Farm Workers.

Non- staphylococci (NAS), particularly antimicrobial-resistant NAS, have a substantial impact on human and animal health. In the current study, we investigated (1) the species profiles of NAS isolates collected from healthy broilers, farm environments, and farm workers in Korea, (2) the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant NAS isolates, especially methicillin resistance, and (3) the genetic factors involved in the methicillin and fluoroquinolone resistance. In total, 216 NAS isolates of 16 different species were collected from healthy broilers (n=178), broiler farm environments (n=18), and farm workers (n=20) of 20 different broiler farms.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and clonal diversity of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail pork.

Livestock-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), such as Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis, have emerged as a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In the current study, the AMR profiles and genetic diversity of S.

High Prevalence of Clonal Complex 398 Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant in Pig Farms: Clonal Lineages, Multiple Drug Resistance, and Occurrence of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome IX.

High prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-susceptible and -resistant (LA-MSSA and LA-MRSA, respectively) in livestock farms, particularly pig farms, is an increasingly serious threat to food safety and public health. In this study, 173 (84 MRSA and 89 MSSA) isolates from healthy pigs, farm environments, and farm workers in Korea were examined to determine the (1) genetic diversity of isolates (sequence type [ST], , and types), (2) staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) types of MRSA isolates, and (3) multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes of MRSA and MSSA isolates. Clonal complex 398 (CC398) genotypes of MRSA and MSSA isolates, particularly CC398- type t571- I lineages, displaying MDR phenotypes were highly prevalent in pig farms.

Occurrence of -Positive Linezolid-Susceptible and Non- Staphylococcal Isolates from Pig Farms.

The emergence and spread of -mediated resistance to linezolid in staphylococci have become a serious global concern. The acquisition of confers multidrug resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A (PhLOPS phenotype). However, occurrence of -positive and linezolid-susceptible staphylococci has been identified.

Effects of Dietary Habits on General and Abdominal Obesity in Community-dwelling Patients with Schizophrenia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary habits on general and abdominal obesity in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder according to sex.

Methods: A total of 270 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder registered at mental health welfare centers and rehabilitation facilities were recruited. General obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m, and abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumstance ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women.

Iron Homeostasis and Energy Metabolism in Obesity.

Iron plays a role in energy metabolism as a component of vital enzymes and electron transport chains (ETCs) for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are crucial in generating ATP in mitochondria. At the mitochondria matrix, heme and iron-sulfur clusters are synthesized.

Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat.

Colonization of food-producing animals by antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has become a serious public health problem worldwide. In the current study, clonal diversities of livestock-associated S.

Multilocus sequence type-dependent activity of human and animal cathelicidins against community-, hospital-, and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant isolates.

Sequence type (ST) 5 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) with staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) type II (ST5-MRSA-II) and ST72-MRSA-IV represent the most significant genotypes for healthcare- (HA) and community-associated (CA) MRSA in Korea, respectively. In addition to the human-type MRSA strains, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA clonal lineages, such as ST541 and ST398 LA-MRSA-V in pigs and ST692 LA-MRSA-V and ST188 LA-MRSA-IV in chickens, has recently been found. In this study, clonotype-specific resistance profiles to cathelicidins derived from humans (LL-37), pigs (PMAP-36), and chickens (CATH-2) were examined using six different ST groups of MRSA strains: ST5 HA-MRSA-II, ST72 CA-MRSA-IV, ST398 LA-MRSA-V, ST541 LA-MRSA-V, ST188 LA-MRSA-IV, and ST692 LA-MRSA-V.

Profiles of Non- Staphylococci in Retail Pork and Slaughterhouse Carcasses: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Determinant of Fusidic Acid Resistance.

As commensal colonizers in livestock, there has been little attention on staphylococci, especially non- staphylococci (NAS), contaminating meat production chain. To assess prevalence of staphylococci in retail pork and slaughterhouse carcass samples in Korea, we collected 578 samples from Korean slaughterhouses (n=311) and retail markets (n=267) for isolation of staphylococci and determined antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in all the isolates. The presence of and prevalence of -family genes (, , , and ) and mutations in genes were examined in fusidic acid resistant isolates.

Co-occurrence of cfr-mediated linezolid-resistance in ST398 LA-MRSA and non-aureus staphylococci isolated from a pig farm.

Linezolid resistance, mediated by the cfr gene, which confers resistant phenotypes to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A antimicrobials, has emerged in S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). Moreover, due to the transferable potential via plasmids, the spread of cfr among staphylococci is of great concern.

Type I Interferons Are Involved in the Intracellular Growth Control of by Mediating NOD2-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide in Macrophages.

(MAB) is one of the rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing various diseases including pulmonary disorder. Although it has been known that type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to host defense against bacterial infections, the role of type I IFNs against MAB infection is still unclear. In the present study, we show that rIFN-β treatment reduced the intracellular growth of MAB in macrophages.

Greater adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary pattern is associated with preserved muscle strength in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single-center cross-sectional study.

The present study aimed to determine whether certain diets lower the risk of low muscle strength in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In this cross-sectional study, outpatient ADPKD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care hospital. Muscle strength was assessed on the basis of handgrip strength (HGS), and dietary pattern indices were calculated using dietary intake data.

Role of the Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Loop of GraS in Resistance to Distinct Human Defense Peptides in PMN and Invasive Cardiovascular infections.

GraS is a membrane sensor in Staphylococcus aureus that induces and expression to alter the surface positive charge upon exposure to cationic human defense peptides (HDPs). The sensing domain of GraS likely resides in the 9-residue extracellular loop (EL). In this study, we assessed a hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant S.