Prematurity and obstructive sleep apnea in children: The perfect storm.

As survival rates for premature infants improve, understanding the link between prematurity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has become critical for enhancing outcomes in this high-risk population. Children born severely prematurely face a threefold increased risk of developing OSA due to anatomical and physiological factors, such as an abnormal upper airway, unstable ventilatory control, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. The multisystemic impact of prematurity also increases the likelihood of adverse OSA outcomes, such as neurodevelopmental deficits and pulmonary hypertension, generating a "Perfect Storm" for children affected by both conditions.

Corrigendum: Phenotypic Variation in Disease Severity Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With COVID-19: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 in the EPICO Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2025.

Phenotypic Variation in Disease Severity Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With COVID-19: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 in the EPICO Study.

Objective: To characterize the clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized children as part of the EPICO multicenter cohort study.

Methods: We included hospitalized children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Colombian and Spanish institutions to assess disease evolution and outcomes. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clinical phenotypes.

What to Look for in Chest X-Rays of Pediatric Patients With COVID-19: Insights From a Colombian Cohort.

Background: Despite advancements in vaccination and the transition from pandemic to endemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a medical challenge, particularly among children. In this context, imaging diagnostics, such as chest x-rays, are crucial to the initial treatment of patients. This study aims to characterize the radiological findings in pediatric patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia between April 2020 and November 2021, as well as describe the clinical presentation, including those admission to intensive care.

The lung in inborn errors of immunity.

The lungs are integral to immune defense, and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) often manifest as lung disease. Lung complications of IEI can involve the airways, alveolar spaces, interstitium, vasculature, and pleura. Accurate identification of these lung disease patterns requires a thorough clinical history, physical examination, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), as lung imaging patterns guide further respiratory and immunological evaluations.

Validation of the Spanish version of the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) in a population of Hispanic children.

Background: The Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) is one of the most-used clinical scoring systems for assessing the severity of asthma exacerbations in children. The aim of the present study was to validate a Spanish version of the PASS in a population of Hispanic children with asthma exacerbations living in urban Bogota, Colombia.

Methods: In a prospective cohort and a validation study, parents/caregivers of children between 2 and 18 years old attended in the emergency department (ED) with asthma exacerbations who were admitted to the inpatient unit were invited to participate in the study.

Severe adenovirus infection outbreak in Colombia: Experience from a tertiary pediatric hospital in 2022.

Introduction. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many countries experienced decreased respiratory virus circulation, followed by an out-of-season outbreak. In a pediatric hospital in Colombia, we observed a surge in severe adenovirus infections, leading to concerns about the impact of eased public health restrictions and immune debt in children under five years old.

Purine degradation pathway metabolites at birth and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and altered metabolite production is recognised as a critical factor in LRTI pathogenesis.

Methods: This study aimed to identify prenatal metabolic changes associated with LRTI risk in infancy, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry unbiased metabolomics analysis on cord blood from 810 full-term newborns.

Results: We identified 22 compounds linked to LRTIs in infancy, enriched for purine degradation pathway (PDP) metabolites.

Multidisciplinary Treatment in Patients with Craniofacial, Neurocognitive, and Neuromuscular Disorders with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder that has a high prevalence in patients with craniofacial, neurocognitive, and neuromuscular disorders. Currently, the treatments for this population are diverse and depend on the individual conditions of the patient and the severity of the case. However, there are no multidisciplinary dental treatment guidelines.

Respiratory Comorbidities Associated with Bronchiectasis in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency in the USIDNET Registry.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a major respiratory complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and is associated with recurrent pulmonary infections. However, it is unclear whether other infections or non-infectious respiratory conditions are related to its development.

Objective: To identify respiratory comorbidities associated with bronchiectasis in patients with CVID.

Multilevel analysis identifying the factors associated with RSV detection in infants admitted for viral bronchiolitis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To identify factors independently associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection in infants admitted for viral bronchiolitis during 3 consecutive years, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Bogota, Colombia, a middle-income country with a subtropical highland climate.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, including patients with a diagnosis of viral bronchiolitis admitted to all the hospitals of the city between January 2019 and November 2021. We evaluated a set of a priori-selected predictor variables that included individual, healthcare system, meteorological, air pollutant, and COVID-19 variables.

Cost-utility and budget impact analysis of CPAP therapy compared to no treatment in the management of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in Colombia from a third-party payer perspective.

Objectives: To conduct cost-utility and budget impact analysis of providing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy versus no treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Colombia from a third-party payer perspective.

Methods: We used a Markov model to assess the cost-utility and budget impact analysis of CPAP in patients over 40 years old with moderate to severe OSA. Data on effectiveness and utility values were obtained from published literature.

COVID-19 in children and the influence on the employment activity of their female caregivers: A cross sectional gender perspective study.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, women disproportionately assume more unpaid activities, affecting their employment.

Objective: Describe the influence of COVID-19 on the employment of caregivers of children and adolescents from a gender perspective.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in three high-complexity hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia from April 2020 to June 2021.

Incidence, etiology, sociodemographic and clinical characterization of acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients at a high-altitude city: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening medical condition, associated with a variety of conditions and risk factors, including acute respiratory diseases which are a frequent cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Colombia, the literature related to ARF is scarce.

Objective: To determine the incidence, causes, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of ARF in three hospitals in Bogota, a high-altitude city located in Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Predictors of severity in severe respiratory infection in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection in a developing country.

On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic. This name was given to the disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus at its outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China. In Colombia, a significant number of cases have been confirmed.

The lung in inborn errors of immunity: From clinical disease patterns to molecular pathogenesis.

In addition to being a vital organ for gas exchange, the lung is a crucial immune organ continuously exposed to the external environment. Genetic defects that impair immune function, called inborn errors of immunity (IEI), often have lung disease as the initial and/or primary manifestation. Common types of lung disease seen in IEI include infectious complications and a diverse group of diffuse interstitial lung diseases.

Prevalence of sleep apnea in children and adolescents in Colombia according to the national health registry 2017-2021.

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with sleep apnea, both central and obstructive, in Colombia between 2017 and 2021.

Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems as search terms for sleep apnea, based on SISPRO, the Colombian national health registry. Stratification by gender and age groups was performed.

Sleep problems in low income, urban pediatric populations living at different altitudes in Colombia.

Objective: To determine the frequency of sleep problems in low-income, urban pediatric populations in cities at different altitudes in Colombia.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional population-based observational study was conducted in children aged between 2 and 12 years in the low income, urban areas of three cities in Colombia (Santa Marta, Bucaramanga, and Bogotá) located at 15, 959, and 2640 m above sea level, respectively. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire was used.

[Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome in a newborn with deletion 14q12-q21.1].

Introduction: In newborns with respiratory failure and interstitial lung disease, it should be approached as chILD (Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease) syndrome to rule out alterations in surfactant metabolism and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the NKX2-1 gene.

Objective: To pre sent a newborn with chILD syndrome and a large deletion in chromosome 14q12-q21.1.

Intermittent hypoxia and respiratory patterns during sleep of preterm infants aged 3 to 18 months residing at high altitude.

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of apneas on oxygen saturation and the presence of intermittent hypoxia, during sleep of preterm infants (PTIs) born at high altitudes and compare with full-term infants (FTIs) at the same altitude.

Methods: PTIs and FTIs from 3 to 18 months were included. They were divided into three age groups: 3-4 months (Group 1); 6-7 months (Group 2), and 10-18 months (Group 3).

Pulmonary nodule in pediatrics: Beyond the infection.

Introduction: The study of a pulmonary nodule in pediatrics is a diagnostic challenge where multiple pathologies must be taken into account, especially infections. In developing countries, where tuberculosis infec tion is endemic, it is one of the most likely diagnoses; however, the diagnostic possibility of malig nancy should never be overlooked.

Objective: To describe a case report of a patient with a pulmonary nodule, that after ruling out the most frequent causes, a primary malignant tumor was diagnosed.